Planificación multiescalar en el Humedal Los Batros: Estrategias de diseño urbano y operaciones territoriales para el balance Ciudad – Naturaleza.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los humedales urbanos sufren creciente degradación debido a la expansión urbana descontrolada y la ineficacia de políticas para su inclusión como infraestructura verde-azul estructurante del tejido territorial (Aldana-Domínguez et al., 2024; Stefanakis, 2019). Esta degradación está asociada a modelos de urbanización neoliberal que priorizan la especulación inmobiliaria sobre la sostenibilidad ecosistémica (Rojas et al., 2019; Vergara-Perucich & Arias-Loyola, 2025). El Sistema Humedal Los Batros, en San Pedro de la Paz, ilustra esta crisis: históricamente fragmentado por infraestructura vial y expansión residencial que rompieron continuidades hidrológicas y ecológicas, afectando sus funciones reguladoras fundamentales para la resiliencia urbana (Rojas et al., 2017; Díaz, 2017). Este TFI responde a la pregunta: ¿Qué operaciones territoriales y estrategias de diseño urbano sostenible contribuyen al balance ciudad-naturaleza en el Sistema Humedal Los Batros frente a los impactos de la expansión urbana? La hipótesis proyectual plantea que la implementación de operaciones territoriales y estrategias de diseño urbano sostenible basadas en el urbanismo del paisaje permiten aportar a la preservación y mejora del sistema, respondiendo a necesidades sociales, urbanas y ecológicas. El objetivo general consiste en desarrollar una propuesta multiescalar de diseño urbano sostenible que integre dinámicas urbanas con el sistema hídrico, fortaleciendo su rol como infraestructura natural reguladora. La metodología adopta un enfoque proyectual cualitativo-exploratorio mediante análisis territorial multiescalar y cartografía (Lenzholzer et al., 2013; Roggema, 2016). Se emplearon matrices temáticas (azul-verde-gris) mediante SIG, análisis multitemporal de imágenes satelitales e información secundaria de fuentes oficiales. Los resultados evidencian una retracción de la superficie hídrica funcional entre 1961-2025, procesos de encapsulamiento territorial y fragmentación ecológica. Se identificaron inequidades socioambientales significativas, donde el 63,4% de población enfrenta alta vulnerabilidad a inundaciones. La matriz integrada permitió definir escalas operativas (Paisaje Hídrico, Paisaje- Ciudad, Tejido Urbano) para estrategias de regeneración ecosistémica y justicia territorial.
Urban wetlands are suffering increasing degradation due to uncontrolled urban expansion and the ineffectiveness of policies for their inclusion as blue-green infrastructure structuring the territorial fabric (Aldana-Domínguez et al., 2024; Stefanakis, 2019). This degradation is associated with neoliberal urbanization models that prioritize real estate speculation over ecosystem sustainability (Rojas et al., 2019; Vergara-Perucich & Arias-Loyola, 2025). The Los Batros Wetland System in San Pedro de la Paz illustrates this crisis: historically fragmented by road infrastructure and residential expansion that broke hydrological and ecological continuities, affecting its fundamental regulatory functions for urban resilience (Rojas et al., 2017; Díaz, 2017). This research answers the question: What territorial operations and sustainable urban design strategies contribute to the city-nature balance in the Los Batros Wetland System in the face of the impacts of urban expansion? The project hypothesis proposes that the implementation of territorial operations and sustainable urban design strategies based on landscape urbanism can contribute to the preservation and improvement of the system, responding to social, urban, and ecological needs. The overall objective is to develop a multiscale proposal for sustainable urban design that integrates urban dynamics with the water system, strengthening its role as natural regulatory infrastructure. This research answers the question: What territorial operations and sustainable urban design strategies contribute to the city-nature balance in the Los Batros Wetland System in the face of the impacts of urban expansion? The project hypothesis proposes that the implementation of territorial operations and sustainable urban design strategies based on landscape urbanism can contribute to the preservation and improvement of the system, responding to social, urban, and ecological needs. The overall objective is to develop a multiscale proposal for sustainable urban design that integrates urban dynamics with the water system, strengthening its role as natural regulatory infrastructure. The methodology adopts a qualitative-exploratory project approach using multiscale territorial analysis and cartography (Lenzholzer et al., 2013; Roggema, 2016). Thematic matrices (blue-greengray) were used through GIS, multitemporal analysis of satellite images, and secondary information from official sources. The results show a reduction in functional water surface area between 1961 and 2025, processes of territorial encapsulation, and ecological fragmentation. Significant socio-environmental inequalities were identified, with 63.4% of the population facing high vulnerability to flooding. The integrated matrix allowed for the definition of operational scales (Water Landscape, City Landscape, Urban Fabric) for ecosystem regeneration and territorial justice strategies.
Urban wetlands are suffering increasing degradation due to uncontrolled urban expansion and the ineffectiveness of policies for their inclusion as blue-green infrastructure structuring the territorial fabric (Aldana-Domínguez et al., 2024; Stefanakis, 2019). This degradation is associated with neoliberal urbanization models that prioritize real estate speculation over ecosystem sustainability (Rojas et al., 2019; Vergara-Perucich & Arias-Loyola, 2025). The Los Batros Wetland System in San Pedro de la Paz illustrates this crisis: historically fragmented by road infrastructure and residential expansion that broke hydrological and ecological continuities, affecting its fundamental regulatory functions for urban resilience (Rojas et al., 2017; Díaz, 2017). This research answers the question: What territorial operations and sustainable urban design strategies contribute to the city-nature balance in the Los Batros Wetland System in the face of the impacts of urban expansion? The project hypothesis proposes that the implementation of territorial operations and sustainable urban design strategies based on landscape urbanism can contribute to the preservation and improvement of the system, responding to social, urban, and ecological needs. The overall objective is to develop a multiscale proposal for sustainable urban design that integrates urban dynamics with the water system, strengthening its role as natural regulatory infrastructure. This research answers the question: What territorial operations and sustainable urban design strategies contribute to the city-nature balance in the Los Batros Wetland System in the face of the impacts of urban expansion? The project hypothesis proposes that the implementation of territorial operations and sustainable urban design strategies based on landscape urbanism can contribute to the preservation and improvement of the system, responding to social, urban, and ecological needs. The overall objective is to develop a multiscale proposal for sustainable urban design that integrates urban dynamics with the water system, strengthening its role as natural regulatory infrastructure. The methodology adopts a qualitative-exploratory project approach using multiscale territorial analysis and cartography (Lenzholzer et al., 2013; Roggema, 2016). Thematic matrices (blue-greengray) were used through GIS, multitemporal analysis of satellite images, and secondary information from official sources. The results show a reduction in functional water surface area between 1961 and 2025, processes of territorial encapsulation, and ecological fragmentation. Significant socio-environmental inequalities were identified, with 63.4% of the population facing high vulnerability to flooding. The integrated matrix allowed for the definition of operational scales (Water Landscape, City Landscape, Urban Fabric) for ecosystem regeneration and territorial justice strategies.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Procesos Urbanos Sostenibles.
Keywords
Humedales, Expansión urbana, Planificación urbana, Ecología