Hongos endófitos en Chile, una fuente natural de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos para uso en medicina y agricultura
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La búsqueda de antibióticos de origen natural a abierto paso en las últimas décadas a un creciente interés en la investigación de microorganismos que se encuentran dentro de los tejidos vegetales de toda clase de plantas, conocidos como hongos endófitos, estos microorganismos tienen la capacidad de producir metabolitos secundarios que pueden poseer una gran variedad de actividad biológica, pudiendo funcionar como: antibiótico, antitumoral, antioxidante, antiinflamatorio, entre otras. El estudio de estos microorganismos ofrece una alternativa prometedora e innovadora para abordar desafíos tanto en la agricultura como en la medicina, destacando su potencial como fuente de soluciones sostenibles y eficaces. Esta revisión bibliográfica describe los aspectos eco-biológicos y químicos de los hongos endófitos, y los antecedentes que existen en Chile acerca de estos microorganismos. Las investigaciones para poder encontrar metabolitos secundarios bioactivos que puedan ser utilizados en medicina y agricultura aumentan cada vez más, la gran diversidad biológica existente en Chile anuncia también que existe una gran variedad de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos que aún no han sido encontrados.
The search for antibiotics of natural origin has given way in recent decades to a growing interest in the research of microorganisms found inside the plant tissues of all kinds of plants, known as endophytic fungi, these microorganisms have the ability to produce secondary metabolites that can have a wide variety of biological activity. It can work as: antibiotic, antitumor, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, among others. The study of these microorganisms offers a promising and innovative alternative to address challenges in both agriculture and medicine, highlighting their potential as a source of sustainable and effective solutions. This literature review describes the eco-biological and chemical aspects of endophytic fungi, and the background that exists in Chile about these microorganisms. Research to find bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used in medicine and agriculture is increasing, and the great biological diversity in Chile also announces that there is a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites that have not yet been found.
The search for antibiotics of natural origin has given way in recent decades to a growing interest in the research of microorganisms found inside the plant tissues of all kinds of plants, known as endophytic fungi, these microorganisms have the ability to produce secondary metabolites that can have a wide variety of biological activity. It can work as: antibiotic, antitumor, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, among others. The study of these microorganisms offers a promising and innovative alternative to address challenges in both agriculture and medicine, highlighting their potential as a source of sustainable and effective solutions. This literature review describes the eco-biological and chemical aspects of endophytic fungi, and the background that exists in Chile about these microorganisms. Research to find bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used in medicine and agriculture is increasing, and the great biological diversity in Chile also announces that there is a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites that have not yet been found.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar la título de Ingeniera Ambiental
Keywords
Metabolitos Secundarios, Compuestos bioactivos, Antibióticos en agricultura