Análisis de riesgo de abastecimiento de agua potable con pozos en tres ciudades de Chile
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Date
2022
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el riesgo del abastecimiento de agua potable mediante pozos en tres ciudades de Chile. Para representar distintas zonas de Chile, se seleccionaron las ciudades de Ovalle, Chillán y Osorno, identificando los pozos que las abastecen respectivamente, analizando los riesgos y vulnerabilidades ante contaminación y escasez hídrica. En cuanto a la disponibilidad hídrica se llevó a cabo un análisis en los niveles del acuífero y un balance hídrico preliminar en los sectores hidrogeológico de aprovechamiento común (SHAC) respectivos. Respecto a los contaminantes que pudiesen afectar los acuíferos, se utilizó el método BGR, oficial de la DGA, para determinar la vulnerabilidad antes ellos, además, se realizó un análisis en la calidad del agua potable que se consume en las ciudades y, por último, se identificó los riesgos según los usos del suelo en las cercanías. Como resultados se obtuvo que los pozos que abastecen a la ciudad de Ovalle presentan una alta vulnerabilidad hacia contaminantes, además, un estrés hídrico muy alto en su respectivo SHAC, lo que se vería reflejado en los niveles estáticos con una baja del 41% en el año 2020 respecto al año 2015. Luego, los pozos que abastecen a la ciudad de Chillán presentan una baja vulnerabilidad hacia contaminantes, además, un estrés hídrico alto en su respectivo SHAC, lo que se vería reflejado en los niveles estáticos con una baja del 18% en el año 2020 respecto al año 2015. Finalmente, los pozos que abastecen a la ciudad de Osorno presentan una baja vulnerabilidad hacia contaminantes, además, un estrés hídrico bajo en su respectivo SHAC, sin embargo, los niveles estáticos sufrieron una baja del 25% en el año 2020 respecto al año 2015.
The objective of this study is to analyze the risk of drinking water supply through water wells in three cities in Chile. To represent different areas of Chile, the cities of Ovalle, Chillán and Osorno were selected, identifying the water wells that supply them, analyzing the risks and vulnerabilities to water pollution and scarcity. Regarding water availability, an analysis of water levels and a preliminary water balance in their aquifers was carried out. Regarding the vulnerability of the aquifers to pollutants, the official DGA BGR method was used. Next, an analysis of drinking water quality was carried out. Finally, risks were identified based on nearby land use. The results showed that the water wells supplying the Ovalle city have a high vulnerability to pollutants, as well as a very high-water stress in their respective aquifer, which would be reflected in the static levels with a 41% drop in 2020 compared to 2015. Then, the water wells that supply the Chillán city have a low vulnerability to pollutants, as well as a high-water stress in their respective aquifer, which would be reflected in the static levels with a drop of 18% in 2020 with respect to 2015. Finally, the water wells supplying the Osorno city have a low vulnerability to pollutants and low-water stress in their respective aquifer, however, static levels suffered a 25% drop in 2020 with respect to 2015.
The objective of this study is to analyze the risk of drinking water supply through water wells in three cities in Chile. To represent different areas of Chile, the cities of Ovalle, Chillán and Osorno were selected, identifying the water wells that supply them, analyzing the risks and vulnerabilities to water pollution and scarcity. Regarding water availability, an analysis of water levels and a preliminary water balance in their aquifers was carried out. Regarding the vulnerability of the aquifers to pollutants, the official DGA BGR method was used. Next, an analysis of drinking water quality was carried out. Finally, risks were identified based on nearby land use. The results showed that the water wells supplying the Ovalle city have a high vulnerability to pollutants, as well as a very high-water stress in their respective aquifer, which would be reflected in the static levels with a 41% drop in 2020 compared to 2015. Then, the water wells that supply the Chillán city have a low vulnerability to pollutants, as well as a high-water stress in their respective aquifer, which would be reflected in the static levels with a drop of 18% in 2020 with respect to 2015. Finally, the water wells supplying the Osorno city have a low vulnerability to pollutants and low-water stress in their respective aquifer, however, static levels suffered a 25% drop in 2020 with respect to 2015.
Description
Habilitación profesional para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Agua potable, Acuiferos, Aguas subterráneas