Criterios de diseño y manejo en sistemas de microrriego con el uso de energía solar.
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Date
2022
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estudio se realizó en la comuna de Ninhue, región de Ñuble, Chile. El objetivo fue determinar relaciones entre demanda hídrica y disponibilidad de energía solar fotovoltaica del sector para establecer criterios de diseño, manejo y operación en sistemas de microrriego. Para ello se evaluaron dos alternativas de bombeo, la primera mediante una bomba solar de corriente continua y la segunda mediante una bomba convencional con variador de frecuencia de corriente alterna, en predios de 0,5, 1, 2 y 3 hectáreas, para esto se implementó un sistema aislado de bombeo fotovoltaico directo, utilizando módulos fotovoltaicos monocristalinos marca Canadian Solar (CS3W-455MS) de 455 Watt de potencia máxima conectados en serie, inclinados a 20° y orientados hacia el norte. De dichos módulos se obtuvieron datos de radiación horaria para el sitio de estudio, desde la plataforma Explorador Solar del Ministerio de Energía, con lo cual se ajustó una distribución horaria del riego para un cultivo de vides (Vitis vinífera), tomando el mes de enero como referencia dado que es el mes de máxima demanda hídrica y disponibilidad energética. Los antecedentes permitieron establecer al momento de diseñar una disponibilidad de 7 a 8 horas de riego al día para el mes de máxima demanda. Los resultados permiten determinar que la disponibilidad energética respecto de los costos asociados tiene efecto en el área de riego simultaneo, logrando determinar que la alternativa más económica del punto de vista energético es mediante bombas solares ya que el kilo Watt hora tiene valores entre los 177 a los 203 pesos para esta alternativa, en cambio para bombas convencionales con variador de frecuencia varía entre los 206 a los 236 pesos por kilo Watt hora.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between water demand and availability of photovoltaic solar energy to determine design, management, and operation criteria for micro-irrigation systems in the Ninhue commune, Ñuble Region, Chile. Two pumping systems were evaluated, a direct current solar pump and a conventional pump with an alternating current frequency inverter, in plots of 0,5, 1, 2 and 3 hectares. An isolated direct photovoltaic pumping system was implemented, using Canadian Solar CS3W-455MS monocrystalline photovoltaic panels with a maximum power of 455 Watt connected in series, inclined at 20° and oriented towards the north. Hourly radiation data were obtained from these panels using the Solar Explorer platform of the Ministry of Energy; an hourly irrigation distribution for grapevines (Vitis vinífera) was adjusted, taking as reference the month of maximum water demand and energy availability (January). The data obtained allowed establishing a period of 7-8 hours of irrigation per day for the month of maximum demand. The results obtained allowed determining that energy availability with respect to the associated costs has an effect on the simultaneous area to be irrigated, being solar pumps the most economical alternative from the energy point of view, with costs of 177 - 203 Chilean pesos kilowatt hour (kWh), while the use of conventional pumps with a frequency inverter has higher costs (206 -236 Chilean pesos per kWh).
The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between water demand and availability of photovoltaic solar energy to determine design, management, and operation criteria for micro-irrigation systems in the Ninhue commune, Ñuble Region, Chile. Two pumping systems were evaluated, a direct current solar pump and a conventional pump with an alternating current frequency inverter, in plots of 0,5, 1, 2 and 3 hectares. An isolated direct photovoltaic pumping system was implemented, using Canadian Solar CS3W-455MS monocrystalline photovoltaic panels with a maximum power of 455 Watt connected in series, inclined at 20° and oriented towards the north. Hourly radiation data were obtained from these panels using the Solar Explorer platform of the Ministry of Energy; an hourly irrigation distribution for grapevines (Vitis vinífera) was adjusted, taking as reference the month of maximum water demand and energy availability (January). The data obtained allowed establishing a period of 7-8 hours of irrigation per day for the month of maximum demand. The results obtained allowed determining that energy availability with respect to the associated costs has an effect on the simultaneous area to be irrigated, being solar pumps the most economical alternative from the energy point of view, with costs of 177 - 203 Chilean pesos kilowatt hour (kWh), while the use of conventional pumps with a frequency inverter has higher costs (206 -236 Chilean pesos per kWh).
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Energía solar, Agricultura de precisión, Riego