Variación de polifenoles y alcaloides quinolizidínicos en la fabácea invasora Ulex europaeus L. procedente de tres zonas costeras de la Región del Biobío.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las invasiones biológicas son un grave problema de carácter creciente, convirtiéndose en una de las principales problemáticas para la biodiversidad a nivel mundial. Las fabáceas invasoras en Chile están dentro de las especies que más daño causan a la diversidad de flora y fauna nativa, ya que su dispersión es rápida y difícil de controlar. Además, poseen gran cantidad de rasgos que facilitan su adaptación a diferentes ambientes, son altamente competitivas y liberan aleloquímicos muy bioactivos que actúan de manera inhibitoria sobre la germinación, crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas receptoras (nativas o no nativas). Ulex europaeus es una de las fabáceas más perjudiciales que existe, se encuentra dentro de las 100 especies invasoras más dañinas del mundo. Se considera que llegó a Chile por medio de los colonos europeos con la finalidad de crear cercos vivos, lo cual generó su colonización creciente de diferentes ecosistemas y agroecosistemas. Es por ello, que se requieren realizar estudios enfocados a determinar el comportamiento que esta fabácea invasora tiene en diferentes ambientes edafoclimáticos de las zonas costeras del Centro Sur de Chile. Particularmente, en cuanto a la síntesis y diversidad de aleloquímicos correspondientes a polifenoles y alcaloides quinolizidínicos. De esta manera, se podrá estimar el nivel de agresividad que caracteriza al proceso de colonización desde una perspectiva semioquímica; así como el potencial alelopático que dicha invasora puede expresar en relación con factores edafoclimáticos. Esta información científica podrá ser tomada en consideración para las estrategias de manejo de U. europaeus y de las especies nativas cohabitantes.
Biological invasions are a serious and growing problem, becoming one of the main threats to global biodiversity. Invasive Fabaceae species in Chile are among those causing the greatest harm to native flora and fauna, as their spread is rapid and difficult to control. Additionally, they possess a large number of traits that facilitate their adaptation to different environments, are highly competitive, and release highly bioactive allelochemicals that inhibit the germination, growth, and development of recipient plants (whether native or non-native). Ulex europaeus is one of the most harmful Fabaceae species in existence and is listed among the world’s 100 worst invasive species. It is believed to have arrived in Chile through European settlers with the purpose of creating living fences, which led to its increasing colonization of various ecosystems and agroecosystems. Therefore, studies are needed to determine the behavior of this invasive Fabaceae species in different edaphoclimatic environments along the south central coastal areas of Chile, particularly regarding the synthesis and diversity of allelochemicals, specifically polyphenols and quinolizidine alkaloids. This would allow for an estimation of the aggressiveness that characterizes its colonization process from a semiochemical perspective, as well as the allelopathic potential it may express in relation to edaphoclimatic factors. Such scientific information could be taken into account for management strategies concerning U. europaeus and the native species with which it coexists.
Biological invasions are a serious and growing problem, becoming one of the main threats to global biodiversity. Invasive Fabaceae species in Chile are among those causing the greatest harm to native flora and fauna, as their spread is rapid and difficult to control. Additionally, they possess a large number of traits that facilitate their adaptation to different environments, are highly competitive, and release highly bioactive allelochemicals that inhibit the germination, growth, and development of recipient plants (whether native or non-native). Ulex europaeus is one of the most harmful Fabaceae species in existence and is listed among the world’s 100 worst invasive species. It is believed to have arrived in Chile through European settlers with the purpose of creating living fences, which led to its increasing colonization of various ecosystems and agroecosystems. Therefore, studies are needed to determine the behavior of this invasive Fabaceae species in different edaphoclimatic environments along the south central coastal areas of Chile, particularly regarding the synthesis and diversity of allelochemicals, specifically polyphenols and quinolizidine alkaloids. This would allow for an estimation of the aggressiveness that characterizes its colonization process from a semiochemical perspective, as well as the allelopathic potential it may express in relation to edaphoclimatic factors. Such scientific information could be taken into account for management strategies concerning U. europaeus and the native species with which it coexists.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Biólogo/a.
Keywords
Invasiones biológicas, Aleloquímicos, Compuestos fenólicos, Alcaloides