Efecto de la aplicación de agua, fertilización y localización, en producción y calidad de naranjos cv. Valencia
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Date
2005
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de agua y fertilizante sobre la calidad y producción de naranjos cv. Valencia de 35 años. El ensayo se realizó en la temporada 2003/04 en el fundo La Rosa, comuna de Peumo, Sexta Región, Chile. Se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos de reposición de agua y dos tratamientos de fertilización, a través de riego por goteo; paralelamente se implementaron cuatro tratamientos de distancia o localización de la aplicación del agua con respecto al tronco. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer que el rendimiento no presentó diferencia significativa (p>0,05) entre tratamientos de reposición de agua y niveles de fertilización, al igual que el espesor de la cáscara, la acidez titulable y el contenido de jugo. Así mismo, el peso del fruto y el diámetro ecuatorial aumentaron (p<0,05) a mayores niveles de reposiciones de agua, para condiciones de fertilización normal; sin embargo, los sólidos solubles disminuyeron (p<0,05). Para fertilización extra, el peso del fruto y el diámetro ecuatorial disminuyeron y los sólidos solubles aumentaron (p<0,05) con el incremento en el nivel de agua aplicado. La mayor extracción de agua se produce en el rango de 60 centímetros de distancia desde el tronco del árbol y para la profundidad de 30-60 centímetros. En general el contenido de humedad del suelo, para los tratamientos de 80 y 100 % de reposición de agua muestra una tendencia a aumentar en la temporada, lo que indicaría que se aplicó mayor cantidad de agua que la requerida por el árbol. Para menores niveles de reposición de agua, la resistencia estomática aumenta. En términos de potencial de agua el régimen hídrico impuesto no permitió establecer diferencias significativas entre tratamientos de agua, mediciones de estos parámetros realizadas en días nublados y parcialmente nublados no son buen índice para determinar el estado hídrico de la planta. El rendimiento y los parámetros de calidad no muestran diferencia significativa (p>0,05) entre tratamientos de localización de aplicación de agua y fertilizante, comportamiento que se atribuye por ser el primer año de implementación del ensayo.
The effect of water and fertilizer application upon the quality and production of 30 years-old orange trees cv. Valencia was evaluated. The trial was carried out during the 2003-04 season in the La Rosa farm, Peumo, Sixth Region, Chile. Four levels of water application and two fertilization treatments, through drip irrigation, were applied; at the same time, four treatments of water localization from the trunk of the tree, were implemented. The results show that yields did not present significative differences (p>0,05) for water reposition treatments and fertilization levels; the same was true for oranges skin thickness, titratable acidity and juice content. The weight and equatorial diameter of the fruit increased (p<0,05) with increment in the levels of water application for normal fertilization conditions, however soluble solids decreased (p<0,05). For extra fertilization the weight and equatorial diameter of the fruit decreased and the soluble solids increased with increments in the levels of water applied (p< 0.05). The largest water extraction occurred at distances 60 cm from the tree trunk and at depths of 30-60 cm. In general the soil moisture content, for the 80 and 100% water application treatments shows a tendency to increase during the season, which would indicate that more water than needed by the tree was applied. For lower levels of water application, the stomata resistance increases and the water potential in the plant decreases; the measurements of these parameters in cloudy and partially cloudy days are not good indicators to determine the plant water status. The yield and the quality parameters do not show significative differences (p>0,05) between water localization and fertilization levels; this behavior is attributed to the first year implementation of the trial.
The effect of water and fertilizer application upon the quality and production of 30 years-old orange trees cv. Valencia was evaluated. The trial was carried out during the 2003-04 season in the La Rosa farm, Peumo, Sixth Region, Chile. Four levels of water application and two fertilization treatments, through drip irrigation, were applied; at the same time, four treatments of water localization from the trunk of the tree, were implemented. The results show that yields did not present significative differences (p>0,05) for water reposition treatments and fertilization levels; the same was true for oranges skin thickness, titratable acidity and juice content. The weight and equatorial diameter of the fruit increased (p<0,05) with increment in the levels of water application for normal fertilization conditions, however soluble solids decreased (p<0,05). For extra fertilization the weight and equatorial diameter of the fruit decreased and the soluble solids increased with increments in the levels of water applied (p< 0.05). The largest water extraction occurred at distances 60 cm from the tree trunk and at depths of 30-60 cm. In general the soil moisture content, for the 80 and 100% water application treatments shows a tendency to increase during the season, which would indicate that more water than needed by the tree was applied. For lower levels of water application, the stomata resistance increases and the water potential in the plant decreases; the measurements of these parameters in cloudy and partially cloudy days are not good indicators to determine the plant water status. The yield and the quality parameters do not show significative differences (p>0,05) between water localization and fertilization levels; this behavior is attributed to the first year implementation of the trial.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego - Chile, Fertirrigación, Naranjas