Caracterización y enfoques para la implementación de buenas prácticas ganaderas en la reserva de biosfera corredor biológico Nevados de Chillán - Laguna del Laja, Chile.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Este estudio analiza las prácticas ganaderas tradicionales en la Reserva de Biosfera Corredor Biológico Nevados de Chillán - Laguna del Laja, resaltando importantes desafíos socioambientales y económicos. La investigación identificó un perfil predominante masculino, adulto mayor y con bajo nivel educativo, destacando problemas relacionados con el relevo generacional y la baja adopción tecnológica. La gestión familiar prevalece, enfatizando la importancia cultural y económica de las actividades tradicionales para las comunidades locales. No obstante, la predominancia de bovinos y caprinos genera preocupaciones ambientales, como sobrepastoreo, erosión de suelos y competencia directa con fauna silvestre, especialmente el huemul. La infraestructura básica en las unidades productivas, limitada principalmente a cercos y corrales, exacerba estos impactos negativos. Entrevistas cualitativas revelaron resistencia a adoptar prácticas sustentables debido a factores culturales y económicos, subrayando la necesidad de estrategias integradoras que reconozcan el conocimiento local. La superposición espacial significativa entre zonas de pastoreo y hábitats críticos del huemul evidencia una problemática ambiental urgente que requiere intervenciones específicas. El estudio recomienda implementar sistemas silvopastoriles y pastoreo rotacional, junto con programas adaptados culturalmente de capacitación y transferencia tecnológica, además de políticas públicas que promuevan la coexistencia entre producción ganadera y conservación ambiental.
This study examines traditional livestock practices within the Nevados de Chillán - Laguna del Laja Biosphere Reserve, highlighting critical socio-environmental and economic challenges. The research identified a predominantly older, male, and poorly educated demographic, emphasizing issues related to generational turnover and limited technological adoption. Family management predominates, underscoring the cultural and economic significance of traditional activities for local communities. However, the dominance of cattle and goats raises environmental concerns, including overgrazing, soil erosion, and direct competition with wildlife, especially the huemul. Basic infrastructure, limited mainly to fences and corrals, exacerbates these negative impacts. Qualitative interviews revealed resistance to sustainable practices due to cultural and economic factors, highlighting the need for integrative strategies that respect local knowledge. The significant spatial overlap between grazing areas and critical huemul habitats indicates an urgent environmental issue requiring targeted interventions. The study recommends implementing silvopastoral systems and rotational grazing, culturally adapted training programs, technology transfer, and public policies promoting coexistence between livestock production and environmental conservation.
This study examines traditional livestock practices within the Nevados de Chillán - Laguna del Laja Biosphere Reserve, highlighting critical socio-environmental and economic challenges. The research identified a predominantly older, male, and poorly educated demographic, emphasizing issues related to generational turnover and limited technological adoption. Family management predominates, underscoring the cultural and economic significance of traditional activities for local communities. However, the dominance of cattle and goats raises environmental concerns, including overgrazing, soil erosion, and direct competition with wildlife, especially the huemul. Basic infrastructure, limited mainly to fences and corrals, exacerbates these negative impacts. Qualitative interviews revealed resistance to sustainable practices due to cultural and economic factors, highlighting the need for integrative strategies that respect local knowledge. The significant spatial overlap between grazing areas and critical huemul habitats indicates an urgent environmental issue requiring targeted interventions. The study recommends implementing silvopastoral systems and rotational grazing, culturally adapted training programs, technology transfer, and public policies promoting coexistence between livestock production and environmental conservation.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero en Conservación de Recursos Naturales.
Keywords
Ganadería Aspectos ambientales, Sustentabilidad, Corredores (Ecología)