Impacto ambiental de la generación de residuos sólidos domiciliarios en la zona urbana del Valle Las Trancas, comuna de Pinto
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto ambiental producido por la generación de Residuos Sólidos Domiciliarios (RSD) en el sector urbano del valle Las Trancas, comuna de Pinto, Región de Ñuble. Dicha zona es de alto interés turístico y forma parte de la Reserva de la Biósfera Corredor Biológico Nevados de Chillán – Laguna del Laja, pero presenta una gestión de RSD deficiente, marcada por la carencia de infraestructura adecuada para la separación y reciclaje, la falta de educación ambiental y la existencia de microbasurales, causada por la gran afluencia de turistas durante todo el año. Con este fin, se realizó un levantamiento de información relacionada con los aspectos sociales, geográficos y económicos del área de estudio, así como el tratamiento actual de los residuos en la comuna y en el valle. Posteriormente, se efectuó la caracterización de los residuos sólidos domiciliarios conforme a los lineamientos establecidos por la Norma Chilena NCh 3321 Of. 2013, la cual fue adaptada a los propósitos del estudio, permitiendo determinar su composición y cuantificar el material potencialmente valorizable, identificando oportunidades de mejora en su gestión. Además, se realizó la identificación y caracterización de microbasurales detectados en el área, mediante la georreferenciación de y la recopilación de antecedentes en terreno, con el objetivo de reconocer aquellos impactos negativos asociados a la disposición inadecuada de residuos. Finalmente, basado en los resultados obtenidos, se elaboraron propuestas de medidas de gestión ambiental orientadas a optimizar el manejo de los RSD en el valle de Las Trancas, promoviendo la valorización, la educación ambiental, la coordinación institucional y la participación ciudadana.
The present research aims to analyze the environmental impact generated by the production of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the urban area of the Las Trancas Valley, located in the commune of Pinto, Ñuble Region. This area is of high tourist interest and forms part of the Nevados de Chillán – Laguna del Laja Biological Corridor Biosphere Reserve; however, it exhibits a deficient MSW management system, characterized by the lack of adequate infrastructure for waste separation and recycling, limited environmental education, and the presence of illegal dumping sites, mainly caused by the high influx of tourists throughout the year. To this end, information was collected regarding the social, geographic, and economic aspects of the study area, as well as the current waste management practices both in the commune and within the valley. Subsequently, the characterization of municipal solid waste was carried out in accordance with the guidelines established by the Chilean Standard NCh 3321 Of. 2013, which was adapted to the objectives of this study. This allowed the determination of waste composition and the quantification of potentially recoverable materials, identifying opportunities for improvement in waste management. In addition, the identification and characterization of illegal dumpsites within the area were conducted through georeferencing and field data collection, with the objective of recognizing the negative impacts associated with the inadequate disposal of waste. Finally, based on the results obtained, proposals for environmental management measures were developed to optimize MSW handling in the Las Trancas Valley, promoting material recovery, environmental education, institutional coordination, and community participation.
The present research aims to analyze the environmental impact generated by the production of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the urban area of the Las Trancas Valley, located in the commune of Pinto, Ñuble Region. This area is of high tourist interest and forms part of the Nevados de Chillán – Laguna del Laja Biological Corridor Biosphere Reserve; however, it exhibits a deficient MSW management system, characterized by the lack of adequate infrastructure for waste separation and recycling, limited environmental education, and the presence of illegal dumping sites, mainly caused by the high influx of tourists throughout the year. To this end, information was collected regarding the social, geographic, and economic aspects of the study area, as well as the current waste management practices both in the commune and within the valley. Subsequently, the characterization of municipal solid waste was carried out in accordance with the guidelines established by the Chilean Standard NCh 3321 Of. 2013, which was adapted to the objectives of this study. This allowed the determination of waste composition and the quantification of potentially recoverable materials, identifying opportunities for improvement in waste management. In addition, the identification and characterization of illegal dumpsites within the area were conducted through georeferencing and field data collection, with the objective of recognizing the negative impacts associated with the inadequate disposal of waste. Finally, based on the results obtained, proposals for environmental management measures were developed to optimize MSW handling in the Las Trancas Valley, promoting material recovery, environmental education, institutional coordination, and community participation.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Gestión ambiental -- Chile, Basuras, Eliminación de, Corredores biológicos