Evaluación del comportamiento del ciclo de vida en la producción de uva de mesa en Chile.
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Date
2021
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento del ciclo de vida en la producción de uva de mesa en la zona central de Chile mediante análisis bibliográfico desde el ámbito normativo, análisis local, hasta la situación comparativa internacional. Para determinar la mejor metodología se realizó una evaluación de las normas ISO 14044:2006, ISO 14067:2019 y PAS 2050, donde se concluyó que la mejor metodología para ser usada en el sector agrícola nacional es la norma PAS 2050. Para determinar la situación a nivel país, se examinaron los componentes y aspectos del ciclo de vida, así como las entradas y las salidas de materia y energía del sistema, determinado que la mayor fuentes emisora de GEI, son producidas por gasto energético durante la fabricación y trasporte de insumos, tanto en su fase de producción como de packing, por lo que su comportamiento se verá influenciado por la manera en que se gestionan esos puntos. Por último, para determinar la situación comparativa internacional, se analizaron puntos críticos de diferentes países, concluyendo, que la situación chilena en la fase de producción se asemeja a cultivos de Chipre y USA y se diferencia de Argentina, España y Sudáfrica.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the life cycle behavior of table grape production in the central zone of Chile through bibliographic analysis from the normative field, local analysis, to the international comparative situation. To determine the best methodology, an evaluation of the ISO 14044: 2006, ISO 14067: 2019 and PAS 2050 standards was carried out, where it was concluded that the best methodology to be used in the national agricultural sector is the PAS 2050 standard. At the country level, the components and aspects of the life cycle were examined, as well as the inputs and outputs of matter and energy from the system, determining that the largest GHG emitting sources are produced by energy expenditure during the manufacture and transportation of inputs, both in its production and packing phase, so its behavior will be influenced by the way in which these points are managed. Finally, to determine the international comparative situation, critical points of different countries were analyzed, concluding that the Chilean situation in the production phase resembles crops from Cyprus and the USA and differs from Argentina, Spain and South Africa.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the life cycle behavior of table grape production in the central zone of Chile through bibliographic analysis from the normative field, local analysis, to the international comparative situation. To determine the best methodology, an evaluation of the ISO 14044: 2006, ISO 14067: 2019 and PAS 2050 standards was carried out, where it was concluded that the best methodology to be used in the national agricultural sector is the PAS 2050 standard. At the country level, the components and aspects of the life cycle were examined, as well as the inputs and outputs of matter and energy from the system, determining that the largest GHG emitting sources are produced by energy expenditure during the manufacture and transportation of inputs, both in its production and packing phase, so its behavior will be influenced by the way in which these points are managed. Finally, to determine the international comparative situation, critical points of different countries were analyzed, concluding that the Chilean situation in the production phase resembles crops from Cyprus and the USA and differs from Argentina, Spain and South Africa.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Huella de carbono, Uva de mesa - Chile