Análisis de sequia en agricultura sin riego.
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Date
2002
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las características de las sequías y los períodos anormalmente húmedos, ocurridos en la localidad de Cauquenes, Séptima Región, Chile, fueron analizadas para un período de 34 años, (1966-1999). La herramienta utilizada para este análisis, fue el Índice de Precipitación Estandarizada, SPI, calculado para diferentes escalas de tiempo. En general entre los años 1966 y 1999 la frecuencia de años secos y anormalmente húmedos es casi la misma, aunque la intensidad de los eventos es diferente. La interpretación de los resultados obtenidos es distinta, según la escala de tiempo analizada. Además en el mismo distrito agroecológico, se desarrolló un sistema de monitoreo de sequía agrícola, para el cultivo de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.). Este combina el modelo de simulación de sistemas biológicos, CropSyst, con datos climáticos, de suelo, cultivo y manejo. La simulación comprende toda la estación de crecimiento del cultivo. Los rendimientos, en respuesta al balance de agua del modelo, fueron contrastados con la función de distribución de probabilidad de rendimiento, otorgándose un índice sobre la base del rango de probabilidad de rendimiento actual. Los resultados del SPI en escala estacional, fueron comparados con el índice del modelo. El SPI es un índice capaz de revelar el comienzo y progresión de una sequía agrícola.
The characteristics of droughts and exceptional wet periods taking place in Cauquenes, a town located in the Seventh Region, Chile, were analyzed for 34 years period (1966-1999). The method used for this analysis is the Standarized Precipitation Index, (SPI), estimated for different time scale. This estimate was calculated according to the software UNITE. In general during the term 1966-1999, the frecuency of dry and exceptional humid years was almost similar, though their intensity differs. The interpretation of all results obtained were different according to the time scale analyzed. In the same agro ecological district, there was an agricultural drought monitoring system for wheat. This method combines the simulation model of biological systems, CropSyst, with climate, soils, crop and managemennt data. This simulation comprises the whole growing season of the crop. The results obtained as a consecuence of the model water balance, were compared with the distribution function of its yield probability. Then, an index was established based on the range of probability of current yield. The results from the SPI in seasonal scale were compared to the model index. Consequently, the SPI could show the beginning and progress of an agricultural drought.
The characteristics of droughts and exceptional wet periods taking place in Cauquenes, a town located in the Seventh Region, Chile, were analyzed for 34 years period (1966-1999). The method used for this analysis is the Standarized Precipitation Index, (SPI), estimated for different time scale. This estimate was calculated according to the software UNITE. In general during the term 1966-1999, the frecuency of dry and exceptional humid years was almost similar, though their intensity differs. The interpretation of all results obtained were different according to the time scale analyzed. In the same agro ecological district, there was an agricultural drought monitoring system for wheat. This method combines the simulation model of biological systems, CropSyst, with climate, soils, crop and managemennt data. This simulation comprises the whole growing season of the crop. The results obtained as a consecuence of the model water balance, were compared with the distribution function of its yield probability. Then, an index was established based on the range of probability of current yield. The results from the SPI in seasonal scale were compared to the model index. Consequently, the SPI could show the beginning and progress of an agricultural drought.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ingeniería Agrícola con mención en Riego y Drenaje
Keywords
Miel de abejas, Fermentación, Cinética, Glucosa, Fructosa