Sistemas fotovoltaicos híbridos para servicios móviles.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Este trabajo de memoria de título presenta el diseño e implementación de un sistema fotovoltaico híbrido móvil con almacenamiento energético, orientado a prestaciones de servicio o habitabilidad como casas rodantes. La problemática abordada surge de la dependencia de combustibles fósiles en unidades móviles y la fragilidad del sistema eléctrico nacional ante contingencias. El objetivo consistió en desarrollar una planta capaz de operar en modo off-grid y on-grid, garantizando autonomía mediante el uso de baterías de litio ferrofosfato (LiFePO4). La metodología incluyó el análisis del recurso solar en diversas latitudes de Chile a través del estudio de la discretización de matrices que contienen los datos de recursos solar y eólico. En adición a esto, se analizó la complementariedad entre estos recursos, evidenciando que existe una correlación negativa entre ambos, sobre todo en la zona centro-sur del país. Esto implica que, en periodos de baja disponibilidad solar, el recurso eólico es mayor, contribuyendo a la generación energética del sistema. Además, la metodología incorpora la simulación de escenarios energéticos mediante el software System Advisor Model (SAM) utilizando datos de recurso solar recorriendo la Ruta 5 para evidenciar la robustez del sistema en distintos puntos del país. Se implementó un sistema de monitoreo en tiempo real basado en tecnología IoT, utilizando microcontroladores ESP8266 para la adquisición de datos desde controladores MPPT, centralizados en una plataforma Home Assistant. Los resultados de las simulaciones demuestran que el uso de tecnologías de litio reduce el costo nivelado de energía (LCOE) y peso en comparación con sistemas de plomo-ácido, validando la viabilidad técnica y económica de la propuesta para el territorio nacional.
This thesis presents the design and implementation of a mobile hybrid photovoltaic system with energy storage, designed for service provision and habitability in applications such as caravans. The addressed problem arises from the dependence on fossil fuels in mobile units and the vulnerability of the national electrical grid during contingencies. The objective was to develop a power plant capable of operating in both off-grid and on-grid modes, ensuring autonomy using lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries. The methodology included the analysis of the solar resource across various Chilean latitudes, through the study of the discretization of matrices containing solar and wind resource data. In addition, the complementarity between these resources was analyzed, showing a negative correlation between them, particularly in the central-southern region of the country. This implies that during periods of low availability of solar resource, wind resource tends to increase, contributing to the system’s energy generation. Furthermore, the methodology incorporates the simulation of energy scenarios using the System Advisor Model (SAM) software, employing solar resource data along “Ruta 5” to demonstrate the system’s robustness across different locations in the country. A real-time monitoring system based on IoT technology was implemented, utilizing ESP8266 microcontrollers for data acquisition from MPPT controllers, centralized within a Home Assistant platform. Simulation results demonstrate that the use of lithium technologies reduces the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) compared to lead-acid systems, validating the technical and economic feasibility of the proposal for the national territory.
This thesis presents the design and implementation of a mobile hybrid photovoltaic system with energy storage, designed for service provision and habitability in applications such as caravans. The addressed problem arises from the dependence on fossil fuels in mobile units and the vulnerability of the national electrical grid during contingencies. The objective was to develop a power plant capable of operating in both off-grid and on-grid modes, ensuring autonomy using lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries. The methodology included the analysis of the solar resource across various Chilean latitudes, through the study of the discretization of matrices containing solar and wind resource data. In addition, the complementarity between these resources was analyzed, showing a negative correlation between them, particularly in the central-southern region of the country. This implies that during periods of low availability of solar resource, wind resource tends to increase, contributing to the system’s energy generation. Furthermore, the methodology incorporates the simulation of energy scenarios using the System Advisor Model (SAM) software, employing solar resource data along “Ruta 5” to demonstrate the system’s robustness across different locations in the country. A real-time monitoring system based on IoT technology was implemented, utilizing ESP8266 microcontrollers for data acquisition from MPPT controllers, centralized within a Home Assistant platform. Simulation results demonstrate that the use of lithium technologies reduces the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) compared to lead-acid systems, validating the technical and economic feasibility of the proposal for the national territory.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil Electrónico/a.
Keywords
Sistemas fotovoltaicos, Almacenamiento de energía, Células de litio, Energía solar, Energía eólica