Diseño, construcción y evaluación de un sistema de programación automática de riego con PC
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Date
2003
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se diseñó construyó y evaluó un sistema de control automático de riego presurizado que opera en forma continua, procesando la señal de un sensor que mide la evaporación de bandeja con una resolución de 0.14 mm. Este sistema es capaz de manejar un predio dividido hasta en cuatro subunidades.
La señal del sensor es adquirida por un computador, a través de una interfase electrónica de conversión análogo digital.
Esta información es utilizada por un software para estimar la demanda hídrica de un cultivo, empleando un modelo de balance hídrico característico de la aplicación de riego.
El software desarrollado controla un sistema de riego automático. Para programar el control, se deben ingresar las características del cultivo, la superficie a regar, caudal disponible y horarios de riego. El software toma la decisión de cual subunidad regar y por cuanto tiempo para reponer el agua evapotranspirada por el cultivo. Para efectuar el control, cuenta con la capacidad de accionar válvulas de solenoides del sistema de riego. Además, dispone de una válvula para el llenado automático de la bandeja en forma diaria.
El sistema cuenta con estrategias para superar eventos extraordinarios como son la lluvia, disponibilidad de caudal por debajo del requerido y fallas en el sensor o cortes de luz. Cuando el sensor falla, el sistema da una alerta de fallo y estima la cantidad de agua a reponer utilizando la curva de distribución del día de la evaporación.
An automatic pressurized irrigation system, that operates continuously, was designed, constructed and evaluated by processing a sensor signal that measures pan evaporation. This system is able to manage simultaneously up to four irrigation subunits. A computer, through an analog digital conversion electronic interface acquires the sensor signal. This information is processed by a developed software to estimate the crop water demand by means of a water balance model characteristic of the irrigation application. The developed software permits to controls an automatic pressurized irrigation system. In order to program the control, certain crop characteristics like irrigation area, available flow and irrigation times must be set as input data. The software selects the subunit to be irrigated and the necessary time to supply the evapotranspirated water. The flow to the subunits is controlled by the software, which drives a set of irrigation system solenoid valves, as well as an automatic valve to refill the evaporation pan water. The system manages strategies to overcome extreme events such as rainfall, availability of volume below the required and sensor failure or electrical shutdowns. At sensor flaw, the system displays a failure alert and estimates the volume of water to be restored according to the evaporation distribution curve of previous days.
An automatic pressurized irrigation system, that operates continuously, was designed, constructed and evaluated by processing a sensor signal that measures pan evaporation. This system is able to manage simultaneously up to four irrigation subunits. A computer, through an analog digital conversion electronic interface acquires the sensor signal. This information is processed by a developed software to estimate the crop water demand by means of a water balance model characteristic of the irrigation application. The developed software permits to controls an automatic pressurized irrigation system. In order to program the control, certain crop characteristics like irrigation area, available flow and irrigation times must be set as input data. The software selects the subunit to be irrigated and the necessary time to supply the evapotranspirated water. The flow to the subunits is controlled by the software, which drives a set of irrigation system solenoid valves, as well as an automatic valve to refill the evaporation pan water. The system manages strategies to overcome extreme events such as rainfall, availability of volume below the required and sensor failure or electrical shutdowns. At sensor flaw, the system displays a failure alert and estimates the volume of water to be restored according to the evaporation distribution curve of previous days.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego - Chile, Sistemas de riego, Riego presurizado - Chile