Efecto de dosis de aplicación de agua y fertilizante en el cuarto año de estudio, en la producción y calidad de paltos (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass, Peumo.
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Date
2011
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estudio corresponde al Proyecto FONDEF D02I – 1146, realizado en el Fundo Los Molinos, Valle de Peumo, Provincia del Cachapoal, región de O’Higgins Chile, durante la temporada diciembre 2006 – octubre 2007. El objetivo fue analizar el efecto de dos dosis de fertilizante y cuatro niveles diferenciales de riego, para el cuarto año de estudio, en el potencial matricial del agua en el suelo, potencial hídrico de la planta, producción y calidad del fruto en paltos (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass de 7 años, regados por microjet. Las dosis de fertilización fueron normal (FN) y extra (FE), y los niveles diferenciales de agua fueron de un 25, 50, 75 y 100% (T1, T2, T3 y T4) del volumen teórico de agua requerido por la planta (Vtr).
Simultáneamente, se evaluó el efecto de la ubicación del emisor, utilizando distancias de 40, 60 y 100 cm medidas desde el tronco del árbol, con una aplicación de agua de un 75% Vtr y FN. Para el primer ensayo se utilizó un diseño experimental de parcela dividida con asignación en bloque completo aleatorio, mientras que para el segundo estudio se empleó un diseño completo aleatorio no balanceado. En el ensayo de dosis de fertilizante y tratamientos, el contenido de humedad se determinó a profundidades de 0-30, 30-60 y 60-90 cm, utilizando neutrometro.
El potencial del agua en el suelo se mantuvo alto y no presentó diferencias para los tres tratamientos de mayor aplicación de agua, tanto en la estrata superior (0-30 cm), como en la estrata inferior (60-90 cm). Sin embargo, en la estrata intermedia (30-60 cm) hubo variabilidad en los potenciales a lo largo de la temporada, aun cuando el tratamiento de mayor aplicación de agua (T4) presentó sistemáticamente valores cercanos a energía de retención de 30 J kg-1. Respecto a la producción, no se observó diferencias significativas en la interacción de aplicación de fertilizante y dosis de agua. Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas en producción considerando dosis de fertilizante y niveles de reposición de agua, donde el tratamiento con mayor reposición de agua (T4) obtuvo la mayor producción de 16.451 kg ha-1, mientras que la menor producción de 7.600 kg ha-1 se obtuvo con el tratamiento de 50% de reposición de agua del volumen teórico requerido (T2).
Para el diámetro del fruto (polar y ecuatorial) y el contenido de aceite no hubo diferencias significativas, tanto para dosis de fertilización y niveles de aplicación de agua. Finalmente, los niveles de localización del emisor no se encontró diferencias significativas para producción, diámetro ecuatorial, diámetro polar y contenido de aceite.
The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of two doses of fertilizer and four irrigation levels in the soil water content, plant water status, production and fruit quality between December 2006 and October 2007 at the Peumo Valley. The study was done in avocados (Persea americana Mill) cv. Hass 7, irrigated by microjet. The fertilization rates were normal (FN) and extra (FE), and water application levels were 25, 50, 75 and 100% (T1, T2, T3 and T4) of the theoretical volume of water required by orchards (VTr). The soil water content was determined with a neutrometer at 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth. In addition, the effect of emitter location was evaluated. Emitters were placed at distances of 40, 60 and 100 cm from the trunk of the tree, with a level of water application of 75% Vtr and FN. To analyze the level of water application and fertilizer doses in the soil water content, plant water status, production and fruit quality the experimental design was a split plot allocated in a Completely Randomized Block with four replications. For the emitter location a completely randomized unbalanced design experiment was used. In general the soil water potential remained close to field capacity during the study season and no significant differences were found among the treatments of levels of water application in the upper (0-30 cm) and in the lower (60-90 cm) strata. However, in the 30-60 cm strata a variability was found in the soil water potential along the season, even though the treatment with higher water application (T4) systematically presented values close to field capacity with an energy of 30 J kg-1. Regarding the production, not significant differences were found in the interaction of fertilizer doses and level of water application. Also, there were no significant differences in production for different levels of water application and fertilizers. The treatment with larger water application (T4) had the highest production with 16.451 kg ha-1, while the lower production of 7.600 kg ha-1 was obtained with the treatment of 50% of the theoretical volume of water required by orchards (T2). The fruit diameter (polar and equatorial) and oil content of fruits did not differ significantly for the two doses of fertilizer and the four water application levels. Finally, in relation with the location of emitters from the trunk no significant differences were found in production, equatorial diameter, polar diameter and oil content.
The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of two doses of fertilizer and four irrigation levels in the soil water content, plant water status, production and fruit quality between December 2006 and October 2007 at the Peumo Valley. The study was done in avocados (Persea americana Mill) cv. Hass 7, irrigated by microjet. The fertilization rates were normal (FN) and extra (FE), and water application levels were 25, 50, 75 and 100% (T1, T2, T3 and T4) of the theoretical volume of water required by orchards (VTr). The soil water content was determined with a neutrometer at 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth. In addition, the effect of emitter location was evaluated. Emitters were placed at distances of 40, 60 and 100 cm from the trunk of the tree, with a level of water application of 75% Vtr and FN. To analyze the level of water application and fertilizer doses in the soil water content, plant water status, production and fruit quality the experimental design was a split plot allocated in a Completely Randomized Block with four replications. For the emitter location a completely randomized unbalanced design experiment was used. In general the soil water potential remained close to field capacity during the study season and no significant differences were found among the treatments of levels of water application in the upper (0-30 cm) and in the lower (60-90 cm) strata. However, in the 30-60 cm strata a variability was found in the soil water potential along the season, even though the treatment with higher water application (T4) systematically presented values close to field capacity with an energy of 30 J kg-1. Regarding the production, not significant differences were found in the interaction of fertilizer doses and level of water application. Also, there were no significant differences in production for different levels of water application and fertilizers. The treatment with larger water application (T4) had the highest production with 16.451 kg ha-1, while the lower production of 7.600 kg ha-1 was obtained with the treatment of 50% of the theoretical volume of water required by orchards (T2). The fruit diameter (polar and equatorial) and oil content of fruits did not differ significantly for the two doses of fertilizer and the four water application levels. Finally, in relation with the location of emitters from the trunk no significant differences were found in production, equatorial diameter, polar diameter and oil content.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Fertilización, Evapotranspiración, Riego- Chile.