Aplicación diferencial de agua, dosis de fertilización y localización, en producción y calidad de naranjos Valencia Tardia, Valle de Peumo
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Date
2008
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En la temporada 2006/2007 se realizó un estudio con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de la localización, aplicación diferencial de agua y fertilizante aplicados a través de riego por goteo, sobre parámetros biofísicos, productivos y calidad de naranjos (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. Tardia de Valencia de 38 años. El ensayo se llevó a cabo en el Predio de la Sociedad Agrícola La Rosa-Sofruco S.A., situada en la comuna de Peumo, Chile. Se aplicaron cuatro niveles de agua que están en función del volumen teórico de agua requerido por el frutal y dos niveles de fertilización. Simultáneamente se implementaron cuatro tratamientos de localización en la aplicación del agua y fertilizante a 40, 60, 80 y 120 cm con respecto al tronco. Los resultados indican que la producción presentó un máximo de 64218 kg ha-1, con diferencias entre tratamientos de agua de 11046 kg ha-1 en fertilización extra y de 9355 kg ha-1 para fertilización normal, los parámetros de calidad no presentaron significancia.
La mayor extracción de agua se produce a una profundidad de 30-60cm y en un rango de hasta 1,6 m de distancia desde el tronco del frutal.
El potencial hídrico xilemático para cada uno de los tratamientos siempre estuvo dentro de una condición que no evidenció un estrés hídrico para el
árbol durante la temporada.
La aplicación de agua durante la temporada estuvo dentro de los 2644 y 10509 m³ ha-1 lo que corresponde al 25 y 100% del volumen teórico de agua requerido respectivamente.
Para el tratamiento de localización, los resultados mostraron que no hay diferencias significativas en producción pero si se encontró diferencias en el peso promedio del fruto y los diámetros ecuatorial y polar.
In the season 2006/2007 a research to evaluate the effect of the water application and fertilizer on the yield and fruit quality in oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) ‘Valencia Late’ of 38 years old. The study was carried out at the “La Rosa” farm, Peumo county Sixth Region, Chile. The water application levels evaluated were: 100, 75, 50 and 25 percent from the theoretical level of water required by the orchard (Vat) with two levels of fertilization. Also, four localization treatments of water application were implemented at 40, 60, 80 and 120 cm within the trunk under normal fertilization. The results show that the maximum yield was 64.281 kg ha-1 with differences in production among treatment of 11.046 kg ha -1 under extra application of fertilizers and 9.355 kg ha -1 with normal fertilization, however the results do not show significant differences (P>0,05). The quality parameters do not show significant differences (P>0,05). The largest water root extraction happened in the 1.6 m. range of distance from the tree trunk and at depths of 30-60 cm. The xilematic potential for each treatment was in the range that does not show water stress in the orchards during the season. Water application during the season was 2.644 and 10.509 m3 ha-1 for the 40 and 100 percent from the theoretical level of water required by the orchard, respectively. The yield parameters do not show significant differences (P>0,05) between water localization. However, significant differences were (P>0,05) found for average weight of fruit and in polar and equatorial diameter of fruit.
In the season 2006/2007 a research to evaluate the effect of the water application and fertilizer on the yield and fruit quality in oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) ‘Valencia Late’ of 38 years old. The study was carried out at the “La Rosa” farm, Peumo county Sixth Region, Chile. The water application levels evaluated were: 100, 75, 50 and 25 percent from the theoretical level of water required by the orchard (Vat) with two levels of fertilization. Also, four localization treatments of water application were implemented at 40, 60, 80 and 120 cm within the trunk under normal fertilization. The results show that the maximum yield was 64.281 kg ha-1 with differences in production among treatment of 11.046 kg ha -1 under extra application of fertilizers and 9.355 kg ha -1 with normal fertilization, however the results do not show significant differences (P>0,05). The quality parameters do not show significant differences (P>0,05). The largest water root extraction happened in the 1.6 m. range of distance from the tree trunk and at depths of 30-60 cm. The xilematic potential for each treatment was in the range that does not show water stress in the orchards during the season. Water application during the season was 2.644 and 10.509 m3 ha-1 for the 40 and 100 percent from the theoretical level of water required by the orchard, respectively. The yield parameters do not show significant differences (P>0,05) between water localization. However, significant differences were (P>0,05) found for average weight of fruit and in polar and equatorial diameter of fruit.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego - Chile, Fertirrigación, Naranjos - Chile