Análisis del rendimiento de una membrana aniónica en la recuperación de ácido clorhídrico mediante electrodiálisis a partir de cloruro de litio.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La recuperación de HCI a partir de soluciones de LiCI mediante electrodiálisis surge como una alternativa sostenible y eficiente frente a los métodos convencionales de producción de HCI. Este enfoque destaca por su capacidad para aprovechar los subproductos ricos en LiCI generados durante la extracción y refinamiento de litio, optimizando recursos y reduciendo los desechos industriales. En este estudio, se evaluó el desempeño de la membrana aniónica Fumasep FM- 3PK-75 en la recuperación de HCI a partir de soluciones de LiCI mediante electrodiálisis, abordando su caracterización morfológica, térmica y electroquímica. Se utilizó un diseño factorial 23 con un punto central para analizar el impacto de la densidad de corriente, el tiempo de operación y la concentración inicial de LiCI sobre los parámetros clave del proceso, identificándose a la densidad de corriente y el tiempo como los factores principales que influyen significativamente en la eficiencia de recuperación. Este enfoque permitió determinar un punto operativo óptimo y validar la relevancia estadística de los factores seleccionados mediante ANOVA y herramientas gráficas como el diagrama de Pareto y los gráficos de interacción. Los resultados mostraron que la membrana presenta una distribución inicial homogénea de sus elementos principales, aunque con una alta presencia de Br-, atribuida a un pretratamiento insuficiente. Tras la electrodiálisis, se observaron mejoras en la hidratación estructural y en el desempeño funcional de los sitios activos, junto con una reducción significativa en el voltaje estacionario y la resistencia óhmica. La mayor eficiencia de recuperación se alcanzó a una densidad de corriente de 30 A/m2 y una concentración inicial de 0,018 M, logrando una recuperación de HCI del 30,5% y una tasa de migración de 303 mg-min-1-m-2, con un consumo energético específico de 0,41 kWh/kg HCI. El análisis estadístico identificó las interacciones entre factores como significativas, pero con menor impacto en comparación con los efectos principales, destacando la importancia de optimizar cuidadosamente los parámetros operativos para equilibrar la eficiencia de recuperación y la sostenibilidad energética. Estos resultados validan la eficacia de la membrana Fumasep FM-3PK-75 en la recuperación de HCI mediante electrodiálisis y establecen un marco técnico para investigaciones futuras. El estudio sienta las bases para explorar configuraciones alternativas de sistemas o el empleo de membranas bipolares y otros diseños avanzados, con el objetivo de optimizar el proceso y avanzar hacia su implementación a mayor escala industrial, contribuyendo al desarrollo de tecnologías de separación iónica más sostenibles y eficientes.
The recovery of HCI from LiCI solutions through electrodialysis emerges as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional HCI production methods. This approach stands out for its ability to utilize LiCl-rich byproducts generated during lithium extraction and refinement processes, optimizing resources and reducing industrial waste. In this study, the performance ofthe Fumasep FM-3PK-75 anionic membrane in the recovery of HCI from LiCI solutions via electrodialysis was evaluated, addressing its morphological, thermal, and electrochemical characterization. A 2ª factorial design with a central point was used to analyze the impact of current density, operation time, and initial LiCI concentration on key process parameters, identifying current density and operation time as the main factors significantly influencing recovery efficiency. This approach allowed the determination of an optimal operating point and validated the statistical relevance of the selected factors through ANOVA and graphical tools such as Pareto charts and interaction plots. The results showed that the membrane initially exhibited a homogeneous distribution of its main elements, although with a high presence of sr-, attributed to insufficient pretreatment. After electrodialysis, improvements in structural hydration and the functional performance of active sites were observed, along with a significant reduction in stationary voltage and ohmic resistance. The highest recovery efficiency was achieved at a current density of 30 A/m2 and an initial concentration of 0.018 M, obtaining an HCI recovery rate of 30.5% anda migration rate of 303 mg·min-1 m-2, with a specific energy consumption of 0.41 kWh/kg HCI. Statistical analysis identified interactions between factors as significant but with less impact compared to the main effects, highlighting the importance of carefully optimizing operating parameters to balance recovery efficiency and energy sustainability. These results validate the effectiveness of the Fumasep FM-3PK-75 membrane in HCI recovery through electrodialysis and establish a technical framework for future research. The study lays the groundwork for exploring alternative system configurations or the use of bipolar membranes and other advanced designs, aiming to optimize the process and move towards large-scale industrial implementation, contributing to the development of more sustainable and efficient ionic separation technologies.
The recovery of HCI from LiCI solutions through electrodialysis emerges as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional HCI production methods. This approach stands out for its ability to utilize LiCl-rich byproducts generated during lithium extraction and refinement processes, optimizing resources and reducing industrial waste. In this study, the performance ofthe Fumasep FM-3PK-75 anionic membrane in the recovery of HCI from LiCI solutions via electrodialysis was evaluated, addressing its morphological, thermal, and electrochemical characterization. A 2ª factorial design with a central point was used to analyze the impact of current density, operation time, and initial LiCI concentration on key process parameters, identifying current density and operation time as the main factors significantly influencing recovery efficiency. This approach allowed the determination of an optimal operating point and validated the statistical relevance of the selected factors through ANOVA and graphical tools such as Pareto charts and interaction plots. The results showed that the membrane initially exhibited a homogeneous distribution of its main elements, although with a high presence of sr-, attributed to insufficient pretreatment. After electrodialysis, improvements in structural hydration and the functional performance of active sites were observed, along with a significant reduction in stationary voltage and ohmic resistance. The highest recovery efficiency was achieved at a current density of 30 A/m2 and an initial concentration of 0.018 M, obtaining an HCI recovery rate of 30.5% anda migration rate of 303 mg·min-1 m-2, with a specific energy consumption of 0.41 kWh/kg HCI. Statistical analysis identified interactions between factors as significant but with less impact compared to the main effects, highlighting the importance of carefully optimizing operating parameters to balance recovery efficiency and energy sustainability. These results validate the effectiveness of the Fumasep FM-3PK-75 membrane in HCI recovery through electrodialysis and establish a technical framework for future research. The study lays the groundwork for exploring alternative system configurations or the use of bipolar membranes and other advanced designs, aiming to optimize the process and move towards large-scale industrial implementation, contributing to the development of more sustainable and efficient ionic separation technologies.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a en Civil Químico/a.
Keywords
Membranas, Ácido clorhídrico, Desechos industriales