Determinación de ventanas de aplicación de plaguicidas para huertos de arándano (Vaccinium sp.) en la zona de Temuco, IX Región, Chile
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Date
2007
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron establecer la existencia y magnitud de las ventanas de aplicación de plaguicidas (VAP) en huertos de arándano (Vaccinium sp.) de la zona de Temuco, Región de La Araucanía, Chile; compararlas con las demandas del calendario anual de aplicaciones, las capacidades efectivas de trabajo (CET) de las nebulizadoras existentes en el mercado y el área de los huertos.
Para ello se procesó probabilísticamente una base de datos meteorológicos diarios de 16 años (1990-2005) perteneciente al Centro Regional de Investigación INIA Carillanca [38° 41’ LS, 72° 25’ LO; y 200 m.s.n.m], que incluyó datos diarios de precipitación, velocidad del viento, temperatura y humedad relativa. Los resultados mostraron que, en general, existe un número grande de días apropiados para realizar estas aplicaciones (__x 19,1 días mes-1; y una desviación estándar de 5,4 días mes-1), aún con altos niveles de probabilidad. Los meses con mayor número de días apropiados pertenecieron a los meses de Noviembre (22,8 días), Diciembre (23,5 días), Enero (24,5 días) y Febrero (20,3 días); este tiempo de aplicación disminuye notablemente en Mayo (16,8 días), Junio (11,4 días) y Julio (15,8 días) debido a las altas precipitaciones y velocidad del viento que se presentan en ese período.
La comparación del calendario de aplicaciones con la magnitud de las VAPs mostró una adecuada relación entre ellos. Dada la magnitud de las VAPs establecidas, la CET individual de las nebulizadoras (0,36-1,05 ha h-1) y el tamaño de la mayoría de los huertos de arándano que no superan las 12 ha; se concluye que las aplicaciones para combatir plagas, enfermedades y malezas se pueden realizar en buenas condiciones atmosféricas a lo largo del año, según corresponda el período del control fitosanitario.
The objectives of this work were to establish the existence and magnitude of the pesticide application windows (VAP) in blueberry orchards of the Temuco area, La Araucanía Region, Chile; to compare them with the demands of the annual spraying schedule, the effective work capacity of the existing orchard sprayers and the planted area of the orchards. In order to achieve these objectives a 16 years (1990-2005) daily meteorological data base belonging to the INIA Carillanca Regional Research Center located at 38° 41’ S L, 72° 25’ W L, and 200 meters above sea level, was probabilistically processed. The daily parameters included rainfall, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity. The results showed that, in general, there are many days (large windows) to carry out these applications (averaging 19,1 days per month with standard deviation of 5,4 days per month), even at high probability levels. The largest application windows occurred during November (22,8 days), December (23,5 days), January (24,5 days) and February (20,3 days). The size of these windows decreases notably during the months of may (16,8 days), June (11,4 days) and July (15,8 days) due to the high rainfall and wind speed of these months. The comparison between the applications schedule and the magnitude of the VAPs showed an adequate relationship. Given the VAPs magnitude, the work capacity of the sprayers (0,36-1,05 hectares per hour) and the size of the large mayority of the orchards. The conclusion is that the applications to control pests, diseases and weeds can be carried out under nonpolluting meteorological conditions.
The objectives of this work were to establish the existence and magnitude of the pesticide application windows (VAP) in blueberry orchards of the Temuco area, La Araucanía Region, Chile; to compare them with the demands of the annual spraying schedule, the effective work capacity of the existing orchard sprayers and the planted area of the orchards. In order to achieve these objectives a 16 years (1990-2005) daily meteorological data base belonging to the INIA Carillanca Regional Research Center located at 38° 41’ S L, 72° 25’ W L, and 200 meters above sea level, was probabilistically processed. The daily parameters included rainfall, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity. The results showed that, in general, there are many days (large windows) to carry out these applications (averaging 19,1 days per month with standard deviation of 5,4 days per month), even at high probability levels. The largest application windows occurred during November (22,8 days), December (23,5 days), January (24,5 days) and February (20,3 days). The size of these windows decreases notably during the months of may (16,8 days), June (11,4 days) and July (15,8 days) due to the high rainfall and wind speed of these months. The comparison between the applications schedule and the magnitude of the VAPs showed an adequate relationship. Given the VAPs magnitude, the work capacity of the sprayers (0,36-1,05 hectares per hour) and the size of the large mayority of the orchards. The conclusion is that the applications to control pests, diseases and weeds can be carried out under nonpolluting meteorological conditions.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Arándanos, Plaguicidas - Aplicación, Arándanos - Calidad