Configuraciones de puestos a partir de características de diseño del trabajo y su relación con desempeño, engagement y satisfacción laboral: una aproximación mixta.
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Date
2023
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estudio de las configuraciones de puestos a partir de características de diseño del trabajo resulta crucial para el alcance de un mayor bienestar para las personas, sin embargo, pese a su innegable relevancia, poseen un escaso abordaje en la literatura nacional e internacional. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como objetivos (1) identificar una tipología de perfiles latentes (configuraciones) de puestos en el contexto laboral chileno a partir de características de diseño del trabajo y su relación con desempeño, engagement y satisfacción laboral, y (2) analizar los significados que las personas otorgan a su trabajo a partir de su pertenencia a los diferentes perfiles latentes de puestos, para lo cual se utilizó un diseño parcialmente mixto de estatus equivalente y secuencial. En una muestra de 1101 trabajadores/as de Chile mayores de 18 años, se realizó un análisis de perfiles latentes a partir de las características de diseño del trabajo; y luego, con una muestra anidada de tres personas por cada perfil se realizaron entrevistas cualitativas. Los resultados cuantitativos muestran que existen cinco configuraciones de puestos, que son similares a las obtenidas internacionalmente, pero menores en cantidad, y que se diferencian en los niveles de desempeño, engagement y satisfacción laboral. Los hallazgos cualitativos indican que la significación del trabajo en términos de las características del diseño no obedece necesariamente a la conformación de perfiles latentes, puesto que la experiencia subjetiva es más compleja y multidimensional. Los resultados podrían ser de utilidad para lograr una aproximación respecto a posibles orientaciones que permitan mejorar la organización del trabajo en el contexto nacional.
The study of job configurations based on work design characteristics is crucial for the enhancement of workers' well-being; however, despite their undeniable relevance, they are scarcely addressed in the national and international literature. Therefore, the present study12 aims to (1) identify a typology of latent job profiles (configurations) in the Chilean labor context based on work design characteristics and their relationship with performance, engagement and job satisfaction, and (2) analyze the meanings that people give to their work based on their belonging to the different latent job profiles, for which a partially mixed design of equivalent and sequential status was used. In a sample of 1101 Chilean workers over 18 years of age, an analysis of latent profiles was carried out based on work design characteristics; and then, with a nested sample of three people for each latent profile, qualitative interviews were conducted. The quantitative results show that there are five job configurations, which are similar to those obtained internationally but smaller in number, and that differ in levels of performance, engagement and job satisfaction. The qualitative findings indicate that the significance of the work in terms of work design characteristics is not necessarily due to the conformation of latent profiles, since the subjective experience is more complex and multidimensional. The results could be useful to achieve an approximation with respect to possible orientations to improve the organization of work in the national context.
The study of job configurations based on work design characteristics is crucial for the enhancement of workers' well-being; however, despite their undeniable relevance, they are scarcely addressed in the national and international literature. Therefore, the present study12 aims to (1) identify a typology of latent job profiles (configurations) in the Chilean labor context based on work design characteristics and their relationship with performance, engagement and job satisfaction, and (2) analyze the meanings that people give to their work based on their belonging to the different latent job profiles, for which a partially mixed design of equivalent and sequential status was used. In a sample of 1101 Chilean workers over 18 years of age, an analysis of latent profiles was carried out based on work design characteristics; and then, with a nested sample of three people for each latent profile, qualitative interviews were conducted. The quantitative results show that there are five job configurations, which are similar to those obtained internationally but smaller in number, and that differ in levels of performance, engagement and job satisfaction. The qualitative findings indicate that the significance of the work in terms of work design characteristics is not necessarily due to the conformation of latent profiles, since the subjective experience is more complex and multidimensional. The results could be useful to achieve an approximation with respect to possible orientations to improve the organization of work in the national context.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Psicología mención Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones.
Keywords
Trabajo Aspectos psicológicos, Desempeño laboral, Satisfacción laboral