Perspectiva temporal, salud mental y bienestar subjetivo en adolescentes con y sin alta capacidad en Chile.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La evidencia sobre la alta capacidad como factor de riesgo o protección en el desarrollo socioemocional es contradictoria, y tampoco se ha estudiado ampliamente su relación con la perspectiva temporal, la cual es entendida por Zimbardo y Boyd como los sentimientos, pensamientos y actitudes respecto al pasado, presente y futuro. Frente a lo anterior, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacional y transversal, cuyo objetivo es analizar las diferencias en perspectiva temporal, salud mental y bienestar subjetivo entre adolescentes con y sin alta capacidad. Conformado por una muestra de 431 participantes entre 10 y 18 años (x = 13,87; DE=1.92) de las regiones del Biobío y Ñuble, se aplicaron cinco instrumentos y realizaron análisis descriptivos, inferenciales y correlacionales. Estudiantes con alta capacidad reportaron mejores indicadores de salud mental y bienestar subjetivo, puntuando más alto en la perspectiva temporal futuro positivo (p<. 05) y en afecto positivo (p<. 05), y puntuando más bajo en ansiedad (p<. 001). Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de características socioafectivas de estudiantes con alta capacidad, y satisface una necesidad de conocimiento en el estudio de la perspectiva temporal.
The evidence on giftedness as a risk or protective factor in socioemotional development is contradictory, and its relationship with time perspective, which is understood by Zimbardo and Boyd as feelings, thoughts and attitudes regarding the past, present and future, has not been widely studied. In view of the above, a quantitative, descriptive-correlational and cross sectional study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the differences in temporal perspective, mental health and subjective well-being between adolescents with and without giftedness. Conformed by a sample of 431 participants between 10 and 18 years old (x = 13.87; SD=1.92) from the Biobío and Ñuble regions, five instruments were applied and descriptive, inferential and correlational analyses were performed. Gifted students reported better indicators of mental health and subjective well-being, scoring higher in positive future time perspective (p< .05) and positive affect (p<.05), and scoring lower in anxiety (p< .001). This study contributes to the knowledge of socioaffective characteristics of gifted students, and satisfies a need for knowledge in the study of temporal perspective.
The evidence on giftedness as a risk or protective factor in socioemotional development is contradictory, and its relationship with time perspective, which is understood by Zimbardo and Boyd as feelings, thoughts and attitudes regarding the past, present and future, has not been widely studied. In view of the above, a quantitative, descriptive-correlational and cross sectional study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the differences in temporal perspective, mental health and subjective well-being between adolescents with and without giftedness. Conformed by a sample of 431 participants between 10 and 18 years old (x = 13.87; SD=1.92) from the Biobío and Ñuble regions, five instruments were applied and descriptive, inferential and correlational analyses were performed. Gifted students reported better indicators of mental health and subjective well-being, scoring higher in positive future time perspective (p< .05) and positive affect (p<.05), and scoring lower in anxiety (p< .001). This study contributes to the knowledge of socioaffective characteristics of gifted students, and satisfies a need for knowledge in the study of temporal perspective.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Psicología con mención en Psicología Educativa.
Keywords
Salud mental, Perspectiva del tiempo en adolescencia, Bienestar