Caracterización de la comunidad microbiana de la columna de agua y sedimentos influenciados por salmonicultura en el fiordo Puyuhuapi.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los fiordos de la Patagonia Chilena están sujetos al efecto antropogénico, principalmente debido a la intensa actividad acuícola que se desarrolla en la zona. El presente estudio analizó la composición de la comunidad microbiana presente en la columna de agua y sedimentos del fiordo Puyuhuapi (44°19’, 44°59’ S, Región de Aysén), el cual está influenciado por la salmonicultura. Se recolectaron muestras de agua a tres profundidades (2 metros, 20 metros y 50 metros) y sedimentos superficiales de tres estaciones (E0, E1 y Ec) a diferentes distancias de un centro de cultivo y durante tres periodos estacionales (agosto-2022, noviembre-2022 y abril 2022). Se emplearon técnicas de secuenciación de ADN para determinar la diversidad alfa (diversidad de Shannon y Chao1) y la composición de las comunidades microbianas. Además, se analizaron las relaciones entre las variables ambientales (oxígeno, temperatura, salinidad, nitrato) y las comunidades microbianas.
Los resultados indican una disminución en la diversidad alfa en la superficie de la columna de agua en las estaciones más cercanas a las áreas de influencia de la salmonicultura, especialmente durante los periodos de mayor actividad en el centro de cultivo cercano. Se observaron diferencias significativas en la composición de las comunidades microbianas entre las estaciones de muestreo, tanto en la columna de agua como en los sedimentos.
Además, se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la composición de las comunidades microbianas y las variables ambientales mencionadas. El estudio proporciona evidencia de que la salmonicultura puede tener influencia en la diversidad y composición de las comunidades microbianas del fiordo Puyuhuapi. Estos cambios podrían tener consecuencias negativas en la salud del ecosistema, como la disminución del oxígeno y la alteración de los procesos biogeoquímicos. Se necesitan más estudios para comprender mejor los impactos ambientales de la salmonicultura en el fiordo Puyuhuapi y desarrollar estrategias para mitigarlos.
Patagonian Chilean fjords are subject to anthropogenic effects, mainly due to the intense aquaculture activity that takes place in the area. This study analyzed the composition of the microbial community present in the water column and sediments of the Puyuhuapi Fjord (44°19’, 44°59’ S, Aysén Region), which is influenced by salmon farming. Water and sediment samples were collected from three stations (E0, E1, and Ec) at different distances from salmon farming influence during three seasonal periods (August 2022, November 2022, and April 2023) and at three depths for the water column (2 meters, 20 meters, and 50 meters). DNA sequencing techniques were used to determine alpha diversity (Shannon diversity and Chao1) and the composition of microbial communities. Additionally, the relationships between environmental variables (oxygen, temperature, salinity, nitrate) and microbial communities were analyzed. The results indicate a decrease in alpha diversity in surface waters at the stations closest to the salmon farming influence, especially during periods of higher activity of farms. Significant differences were observed in the composition of microbial communities between the sampling stations, both in the water column and sediments. Additionally, significant correlations were found between the composition of microbial communities and the environmental variables. This study provides evidence that salmon farming can influence the diversity and composition of microbial communities of the Puyuhuapi Fjord. These changes could have negative consequences on the health of the ecosystem, such as decreasing oxygen levels and altering biogeochemical processes. Further studies are needed to better understand the environmental impacts of salmon farming in the Puyuhuapi Fjord and develop mitigation strategies.
Patagonian Chilean fjords are subject to anthropogenic effects, mainly due to the intense aquaculture activity that takes place in the area. This study analyzed the composition of the microbial community present in the water column and sediments of the Puyuhuapi Fjord (44°19’, 44°59’ S, Aysén Region), which is influenced by salmon farming. Water and sediment samples were collected from three stations (E0, E1, and Ec) at different distances from salmon farming influence during three seasonal periods (August 2022, November 2022, and April 2023) and at three depths for the water column (2 meters, 20 meters, and 50 meters). DNA sequencing techniques were used to determine alpha diversity (Shannon diversity and Chao1) and the composition of microbial communities. Additionally, the relationships between environmental variables (oxygen, temperature, salinity, nitrate) and microbial communities were analyzed. The results indicate a decrease in alpha diversity in surface waters at the stations closest to the salmon farming influence, especially during periods of higher activity of farms. Significant differences were observed in the composition of microbial communities between the sampling stations, both in the water column and sediments. Additionally, significant correlations were found between the composition of microbial communities and the environmental variables. This study provides evidence that salmon farming can influence the diversity and composition of microbial communities of the Puyuhuapi Fjord. These changes could have negative consequences on the health of the ecosystem, such as decreasing oxygen levels and altering biogeochemical processes. Further studies are needed to better understand the environmental impacts of salmon farming in the Puyuhuapi Fjord and develop mitigation strategies.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Biólogo/a Marino/a.
Keywords
Calidad del agua Análisis, Salmonicultura, Puyuhuapi (chile)