Simulación y evaluación de sistema híbrido fotovoltaicodiesel para alimentar una planta aislada de desalación de agua de mar.
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Date
2021
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se modeló y evaluó para la planta desaladora de agua propuesta por Gutiérrez (Gutiérrez, 2021) diversos modos de operación, que, en concreto, representan cuántos ciclos de producción de agua dulce (5 m3 por ciclo) pueden permitirse realizar en un día a través de alimentación eléctrica separada de la red, impulsada por energía fotovoltaica y generación eléctrica-diésel, y la gestión de estos medios para un mejor aprovechamiento de la energía disponible. Se encontró que, para la locación propuesta, que corresponde a la comuna de Cobquecura, en la zona costera de la Región de Ñuble, en Chile, era viable mantener dos ciclos de producción de la planta entre los meses de septiembre a abril, y un único ciclo de producción en los meses de mayo a agosto, alimentados directamente con energía solar fotovoltaica. Sobre esto se evaluaron alternativas de operación que implicaban realizar un único ciclo productivo permanentemente, 2 ciclos permanentemente, complementando con la alimentación diésel en los meses de mayo a agosto y 3 ciclos de producción apoyándose en la alimentación diésel durante todo el año. Cinco alternativas fueron evaluadas económicamente a través del Costo Anual Equivalente al 6% de interés. Además, se calcularon indicadores sociales y ambientales, tales como el valor del metro cúbico de agua, el costo mensual para los beneficiarios de la planta y su huella de carbono, esto con la finalidad de establecer una comparativa más exhaustiva con la distribución de agua a través de camiones aljibes, encontrándose que las distintas formas de operar tienen impactos y beneficios diferentes desde lo social, lo ambiental y lo económico.
Various modes of operation were modeled and evaluated for the water desalination plant proposed by Gutierrez 2021, which, in particular, represent how many cycles of fresh water production (5 m3 per cycle) can be allowed to carry out in one day through electricity supply separated from the grid, driven by photovoltaic energy and diesel-electric generation, and the management of these means for better use of available energy. It was found that, for the proposed location, which corresponds to the Cobquecura commune, in the coastal zone of the Ñuble Region, in Chile, it was feasible to maintain two production cycles of the plant between the months of September to April, and a single production cycle in the months of May to August, powered directly with photovoltaic solar energy. On this, operating alternatives were evaluated that implied carrying out a single production cycle permanently, 2 cycles permanently, complementing with diesel feed in the months of May to August and 3 production cycles relying on diesel feed throughout the year. Five alternatives were economically evaluated through the Annual Cost Equivalent to 6% interest. In addition, social and environmental indicators were calculated, such as the value of the cubic meter of water, the monthly cost for the beneficiaries of the plant and its carbon footprint, this in order to establish a more exhaustive comparison with the distribution of water to through cistern trucks, finding that the different ways of operating have different impacts and benefitsfrom the social, environmental and economic aspects.
Various modes of operation were modeled and evaluated for the water desalination plant proposed by Gutierrez 2021, which, in particular, represent how many cycles of fresh water production (5 m3 per cycle) can be allowed to carry out in one day through electricity supply separated from the grid, driven by photovoltaic energy and diesel-electric generation, and the management of these means for better use of available energy. It was found that, for the proposed location, which corresponds to the Cobquecura commune, in the coastal zone of the Ñuble Region, in Chile, it was feasible to maintain two production cycles of the plant between the months of September to April, and a single production cycle in the months of May to August, powered directly with photovoltaic solar energy. On this, operating alternatives were evaluated that implied carrying out a single production cycle permanently, 2 cycles permanently, complementing with diesel feed in the months of May to August and 3 production cycles relying on diesel feed throughout the year. Five alternatives were economically evaluated through the Annual Cost Equivalent to 6% interest. In addition, social and environmental indicators were calculated, such as the value of the cubic meter of water, the monthly cost for the beneficiaries of the plant and its carbon footprint, this in order to establish a more exhaustive comparison with the distribution of water to through cistern trucks, finding that the different ways of operating have different impacts and benefitsfrom the social, environmental and economic aspects.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Paneles solares, Desalinización del agua, Huella de carbono