Factores de riesgo y de protección asociados a la conducta suicida no letal en una muestra clínica de adolescentes de la región del Maule.
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Date
2023
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La adolescencia es considerada una etapa de mayor riesgo para el desarrollo de conductas suicidas. El modelo de vulnerabilidad-resiliencia al estrés puede permitir una mayor comprensión del fenómeno de la conducta suicida en adolescentes consultantes de salud mental, sobre el cual existen escasos estudios en Chile. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las asociaciones existentes entre síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, desregulación emocional, búsqueda de ayuda y apoyo parental con conducta suicida no letal en una muestra clínica de adolescentes de la Región del Maule, Chile. Se utilizó un diseño transversal, con datos secundarios, con una muestra no probabilística de 373 adolescentes (M= 15,45, DE = 1,76 años; 58,4% mujeres), usuarios de servicios públicos de salud mental de la Región del Maule. Los resultados indican que el 60,1% de los adolescentes ha presentado ideación suicida, en tanto, el 32,7% ha tenido al menos un intento de suicidio en su vida. Factores de riesgo específicos para ideación suicida fueron el género femenino y antecedentes familiares de trastornos mentales. Ideación e intento suicida compartieron como factores de riesgo la desregulación emocional y síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés; y como factores protectores, el apoyo (responsividad) materno y paterno, y la disposición a buscar ayuda. Existe consistencia entre los resultados obtenidos y la evidencia internacional con muestras similares, sin embargo, no fue posible respaldar el modelo de vulnerabilidad-resiliencia para las variables propuestas. La atención de salud mental adolescente debe preponderar el rol protector del apoyo parental, así como brindar tratamientos efectivos y pertinentes en este grupo.
Adolescence is considered a stage of higher risk for the development of suicidal behavior. The stress vulnerability-resilience model may allow a better understanding of the phenomenon of suicidal behavior in adolescent mental health patients, on which there are few studies in Chile. The aim of the study was to determine the associations between symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, emotional dysregulation, help-seeking and parental support with non-lethal suicidal behavior in a clinical sample of adolescents from the Maule Region, Chile. A cross-sectional design was used, with secondary data, with a non-probabilistic sample of 373 adolescents (M= 15.45, SD = 1.76 years; 58.4% female), users of public mental health services in the Maule Region. The results indicate that 60.1% of the adolescents have presented suicidal ideation, while 32.7% have had at least one suicide attempt in their lifetime. Specific risk factors for suicidal ideation were female gender and family history of mental disorders. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt share risk factors as emotional dysregulation and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress; and as protective factors, maternal and paternal support (responsiveness) and willingness to seek help. There is consistency between the results obtained and international evidence with similar samples; however, it was not possible to support the vulnerability-resilience model for the proposed variables. Adolescent mental health care should emphasize the protective role of parental support, as well as provide effective and relevant treatment for this group.
Adolescence is considered a stage of higher risk for the development of suicidal behavior. The stress vulnerability-resilience model may allow a better understanding of the phenomenon of suicidal behavior in adolescent mental health patients, on which there are few studies in Chile. The aim of the study was to determine the associations between symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, emotional dysregulation, help-seeking and parental support with non-lethal suicidal behavior in a clinical sample of adolescents from the Maule Region, Chile. A cross-sectional design was used, with secondary data, with a non-probabilistic sample of 373 adolescents (M= 15.45, SD = 1.76 years; 58.4% female), users of public mental health services in the Maule Region. The results indicate that 60.1% of the adolescents have presented suicidal ideation, while 32.7% have had at least one suicide attempt in their lifetime. Specific risk factors for suicidal ideation were female gender and family history of mental disorders. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt share risk factors as emotional dysregulation and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress; and as protective factors, maternal and paternal support (responsiveness) and willingness to seek help. There is consistency between the results obtained and international evidence with similar samples; however, it was not possible to support the vulnerability-resilience model for the proposed variables. Adolescent mental health care should emphasize the protective role of parental support, as well as provide effective and relevant treatment for this group.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Psicología mención Psicología de la Salud.