Diseño y prueba piloto de un programa chileno sobre estrategias de alimentación infantil para padres, madres o cuidadores de niños y niñas en edad preescolar.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Antecedentes: Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el sobrepeso y la obesidad han alcanzado proporciones epidémicas. La relevancia de la obesidad durante la niñez y la adolescencia se basa en su compromiso biopsicosocial. Si bien el sobrepeso y la obesidad son resultado de múltiples causas, la influencia macrosocial y familiar, son centrales. La inclusión de las familias en los programas de intervención en obesidad infantil ha sido insuficiente, a pesar de que se las ha señalado como agentes claves para la modificación de comportamientos y del ambiente obesogénico.
Objetivo general: El objetivo general fue diseñar y estimar los efectos de una intervención sobre estrategias de alimentación infantil en padres, madres y cuidadores de preescolares.
Método: Este estudio corresponde al diseño y prueba piloto de un programa de intervención. Se ejecutaron dos aplicaciones piloto, con una evaluación de satisfacción por parte de los usuarios; una muestra de 3 padres, y una evaluación de calidad por parte de un grupo de jueces expertos; 8 especialistas en las áreas de infancia, alimentación, parentalidad y/o salud mental. La información se recolectó a partir de un cuestionario de satisfacción usuaria y un cuestionario de juicio de experto. Para el análisis de información se empleó análisis de frecuencia y análisis de contenido.
Resultados: Los resultados del estudio piloto demuestran una percepción positiva del programa por parte de los usuarios, respecto a la cantidad, duración y frecuencia de las sesiones, la metodología, los contenidos, las consultorías telefónicas, las actividades para el hogar y el material entregado. Asimismo una percepción positiva del programa por parte de los jueces expertos, respecto a la relevancia y atractivo del programa, los objetivos, los contenidos, la estrategia didáctica, la estructura, la presentación y los instrumentos de evaluación. Discusión: Se discuten los desafíos en torno a la implementación de intervenciones en contextos naturales.
Background: According to the World Health Organization, overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions. The significance of obesity during childhood and adolescence lies in its biopsychosocial impact. Although overweight and obesity result from multiple causes, macrosocial and family influences are central. Despite being identified as key agents for modifying behaviors and the obesogenic environment, families have been insufficiently included in childhood obesity intervention programs. Objective: The main objective was to design and assess the effects of an intervention focused on child feeding strategies for parents, caregivers, and guardians of preschoolers. Method: This study involved the design and pilot testing of an intervention program. Two pilot implementations were carried out, including a user satisfaction evaluation with a sample of three parents, and a quality evaluation by a panel of eight expert judges specializing in childhood, nutrition, parenting, and/or mental health. Data were collected using a user satisfaction questionnaire and an expert judgment questionnaire. Information was analyzed using frequency viii analysis and content analysis. Results: The pilot study results show a positive user perception of the program in terms of session quantity, duration, and frequency, methodology, content, telephone consultations, home activities, and provided materials. Similarly, expert judges positively evaluated the program regarding its relevance and appeal, objectives, content, didactic strategy, structure, presentation, and evaluation instruments. Discussion: The challenges of implementing interventions in natural settings are discussed. Conclusions: The CuNP-based gel demonstrated selective antimicrobial efficacy and preserved systemic safety in this experimental model. These findings highlight the potential of CuNPs as a therapeutic alternative in dentistry, addressing global concerns about antimicrobial resistance while preserving essential microbial functions.
Background: According to the World Health Organization, overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions. The significance of obesity during childhood and adolescence lies in its biopsychosocial impact. Although overweight and obesity result from multiple causes, macrosocial and family influences are central. Despite being identified as key agents for modifying behaviors and the obesogenic environment, families have been insufficiently included in childhood obesity intervention programs. Objective: The main objective was to design and assess the effects of an intervention focused on child feeding strategies for parents, caregivers, and guardians of preschoolers. Method: This study involved the design and pilot testing of an intervention program. Two pilot implementations were carried out, including a user satisfaction evaluation with a sample of three parents, and a quality evaluation by a panel of eight expert judges specializing in childhood, nutrition, parenting, and/or mental health. Data were collected using a user satisfaction questionnaire and an expert judgment questionnaire. Information was analyzed using frequency viii analysis and content analysis. Results: The pilot study results show a positive user perception of the program in terms of session quantity, duration, and frequency, methodology, content, telephone consultations, home activities, and provided materials. Similarly, expert judges positively evaluated the program regarding its relevance and appeal, objectives, content, didactic strategy, structure, presentation, and evaluation instruments. Discussion: The challenges of implementing interventions in natural settings are discussed. Conclusions: The CuNP-based gel demonstrated selective antimicrobial efficacy and preserved systemic safety in this experimental model. These findings highlight the potential of CuNPs as a therapeutic alternative in dentistry, addressing global concerns about antimicrobial resistance while preserving essential microbial functions.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Psicología
Keywords
Conducta alimentaria, Nutrición parenteral En lactancia y niñez, Obesidad En lactancia y niñez