Modelo explicativo de la actividad física incidental en estudiantes universitarios desde la psicología del ejercicio.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Introducción: La promoción de la actividad física incidental puede ayudar a reducir los estilos de vida sedentarios y la inactividad física. Aunque la Psicología del Ejercicio propone variables explicativas para la actividad física, se desconocen modelos explicativos de la actividad física incidental en estudiantes universitarios que integre rasgos de personalidad, motivación y actitudes implícitas. Objetivo: Evaluar un modelo explicativo hipotético de la actividad física incidental en estudiantes universitarios basado en rasgos de la personalidad, motivación y actitudes implícitas hacia la actividad física incidental. Metodología: La tesis doctoral se articula en tres estudios. Estudio I, una revisión de alcance que sintetizó el concepto de actividad física incidental. Estudio II, una adaptación y análisis psicométrico del Cuestionario de Regulación de la Conducta hacia el Ejercicio Físico (BREQ-3) para medir la motivación hacia la actividad física incidental. Estudio III, un diseño explicativo transversal con variables latentes, analizadas mediante modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, en 223 estudiantes (21,13 ±2,03 años; 63,67 % mujeres). Donde se midieron rasgos de personalidad (Cuestionario de los Cinco Grandes), motivación (BREQ-3 adaptado), actitudes implícitas (Tarea de Asociación Implícita), y actividad física incidental mediante acelerómetros. Resultados: El Estudio I sintetizó la evidencia disponible sobre la actividad física incidental y se propuso una conceptualización. El Estudio II informó adecuadas propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación del BREQ-3 para medir la motivación hacia la actividad física incidental. El Estudio III informó efectos directos positivos de la extroversión (β = 4,89, p< ,001) y la motivación autónoma (β = 3,11, p = ,002), y un efecto directo negativo de la apertura a la experiencia (β = -3,51, p < ,001). La amabilidad y la responsabilidad tuvieron un efecto indirecto positivo a través de la motivación autónoma (β = 2,72, p = ,006; β = 2,96, p = ,003), y el neuroticismo tuvo un efecto indirecto negativo (β = -2,65, p = ,008). Conclusión: La extroversión, apertura a la experiencia, amabilidad y responsabilidad junto con la motivación autónoma explican la actividad física incidental. Una promoción eficaz de esta actividad debe considerar rasgos de la personalidad y la motivación autónoma. Futuras investigaciones deberán replicar este modelo para evaluar su causalidad.
Introduction: Promoting incidental physical activity can help reduce sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity. Although exercise psychology proposes explanatory variables for physical activity, there are no known explanatory models of incidental physical activity in university students that integrate personality traits, motivation, and implicit attitudes. Objective: To evaluate a hypothetical explanatory model of incidental physical activity in university students based on personality traits, motivation, and implicit attitudes toward incidental physical activity. Methodology: This doctoral thesis is structured into three studies. Study I, a scoping review that synthesised the concept of incidental physical activity. Study II, an adaptation and psychometric analysis of the Behavior Regulation Toward Physical Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) to measure motivation for incidental physical activity. Study III, a cross-sectional explanatory design with latent variables, was analysed using structural equation modelling in 223 students (21.13 ± 2.03 years; 63.67% women). Personality traits (Big Five Questionnaire), motivation (adapted BREQ-3), implicit attitudes (Implicit Association Task), and incidental physical activity were measured using accelerometers. Results: Study I synthesised the available evidence on incidental physical activity and proposed a conceptualisation. Study II reported adequate psychometric properties of the adapted BREQ-3 to measure motivation towards incidental physical activity. Study III reported positive direct effects of extraversion (β = 4.89, p < 0.001) and autonomous motivation (β = 3.11, p = 0.002), as well as a negative direct effect of openness to experience (β = -3.51, p < 0.001). Agreeableness and conscientiousness had a positive indirect effect through autonomous motivation (β = 2.72, p = 0.006; β = 2.96, p = 0.003), and neuroticism had a negative indirect effect (β = -2.65, p = 0.008). Conclusion: Extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, along with autonomous motivation, explain incidental physical activity. Effective promotion of this activity should consider personality traits and autonomous motivation. Future research should replicate this model to assess its causality.
Introduction: Promoting incidental physical activity can help reduce sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity. Although exercise psychology proposes explanatory variables for physical activity, there are no known explanatory models of incidental physical activity in university students that integrate personality traits, motivation, and implicit attitudes. Objective: To evaluate a hypothetical explanatory model of incidental physical activity in university students based on personality traits, motivation, and implicit attitudes toward incidental physical activity. Methodology: This doctoral thesis is structured into three studies. Study I, a scoping review that synthesised the concept of incidental physical activity. Study II, an adaptation and psychometric analysis of the Behavior Regulation Toward Physical Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) to measure motivation for incidental physical activity. Study III, a cross-sectional explanatory design with latent variables, was analysed using structural equation modelling in 223 students (21.13 ± 2.03 years; 63.67% women). Personality traits (Big Five Questionnaire), motivation (adapted BREQ-3), implicit attitudes (Implicit Association Task), and incidental physical activity were measured using accelerometers. Results: Study I synthesised the available evidence on incidental physical activity and proposed a conceptualisation. Study II reported adequate psychometric properties of the adapted BREQ-3 to measure motivation towards incidental physical activity. Study III reported positive direct effects of extraversion (β = 4.89, p < 0.001) and autonomous motivation (β = 3.11, p = 0.002), as well as a negative direct effect of openness to experience (β = -3.51, p < 0.001). Agreeableness and conscientiousness had a positive indirect effect through autonomous motivation (β = 2.72, p = 0.006; β = 2.96, p = 0.003), and neuroticism had a negative indirect effect (β = -2.65, p = 0.008). Conclusion: Extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, along with autonomous motivation, explain incidental physical activity. Effective promotion of this activity should consider personality traits and autonomous motivation. Future research should replicate this model to assess its causality.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctor en Psicología.
Keywords
Actividad motora, Estudiantes universitarios, Personalidad