Actividad antioxidante in vitro y caracterización infrarroja de polisacáridos obtenidos de hongos del género aleurodiscus sensu lato asociados a bosques nativos.
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Date
2023
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Universidad de Concepción.
Abstract
Desde milenios los hongos han sido de gran valor para la humanidad, ya sea como comida o como recursos medicinales. Un gran número de moléculas se han asilado y utilizado con propiedades antitumorales, moduladoras del sistema inmune, antioxidantes. Los polisacáridos son una de las fuentes más potentes en cuanto a las sustancias bioactivas. En los últimos años la búsqueda de estos bio-polímeros con actividad biológica y otros tipos de aplicación, ha ido en incremento año tras año incluyendo áreas como la medicina, comida, nutraceútica y cosmetología. En este trabajo se presentan cuatro especies nativas de Chile, con novedosos polisacáridos, pues hasta la fecha nadie ha evaluado la bioactividad de polisacáridos de hongos del género Aleurodiscus s. lat. De forma preliminar este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la actividad antioxidante de los polisacáridos obtenidos de las cuatro especies. Extractos de polisacáridos obtenidos por la extracción mediante agua caliente fueron evaluados ante el radical ABTS•+, para el caso se caracterizaron los polisacáridos mediante espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), con el fin de ver grupos funcionales que puedan estar vinculados a la actividad antioxidante. Se utilizaron concentraciones de polisacáridos de 20 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2,5 mg/mL y de las cuatro cepas 1688 resulto con el mayor porcentaje de inhibición del radical (73,8%), seguido de 1612, 1716 y 1611. Los FT-IR evidenciaron la presencia de enlaces tipo α y β-glucanos, a la vez de bandas características de grupos sulfatos y de ácido urónico para algunas cepas. También se propone para siguientes estudios invertir esfuerzo en identificar los monómeros de la cadena polimérica a la vez de estudiar qué tipo de enlaces se encuentran presentes entre los monómeros de esta, evaluar además la eficacia de los polisacáridos de estas especies en ensayos de viabilidad celular, tipo citotóxicos y de inmunomodulación.
For thousands of years, mushrooms have been of great value to humanity, either as food or as medicinal resources. Many molecules have been isolated and been used with antitumor, immune system modulating, and antioxidant properties. Polysaccharides are one of the most powerful sources in terms of bioactive substances. In recent years, the search for these biopolymers with biological activity and other types of applications has been increasing year after year, including areas such as medicine, food, nutraceuticals and cosmetology. In this work, four native species from Chile are presented, with novel polysaccharides, since to date no one has evaluated the bioactivity from polysaccharides of fungi genus Aleurodiscus s. lat. Preliminarily, this study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides obtained from the four species. The polysaccharide extracts obtained by hot water extraction were evaluated by the ABTS•+ scavenging assay. In this case, the polysaccharides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), to see functional groups that may be present, linked to antioxidant activity. Concentrations of polysaccharides of 20 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL were used and of the four strains 1688 resulted with the highest percentage of radical inhibition (73.8%), followed by of 1612, 1716 and 1611. The FT-IR evidenced the presence of α and β-glucan type bonds, as well as bands characteristic of sulfate groups and uronic acid for some strains. It is also proposed for the following studies to invest effort in identifying the monomers of the polymeric chain while studying what type of links are present between the monomers of this, also evaluating the efficacy of the polysaccharides of these species in antitumor, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory assays.
For thousands of years, mushrooms have been of great value to humanity, either as food or as medicinal resources. Many molecules have been isolated and been used with antitumor, immune system modulating, and antioxidant properties. Polysaccharides are one of the most powerful sources in terms of bioactive substances. In recent years, the search for these biopolymers with biological activity and other types of applications has been increasing year after year, including areas such as medicine, food, nutraceuticals and cosmetology. In this work, four native species from Chile are presented, with novel polysaccharides, since to date no one has evaluated the bioactivity from polysaccharides of fungi genus Aleurodiscus s. lat. Preliminarily, this study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides obtained from the four species. The polysaccharide extracts obtained by hot water extraction were evaluated by the ABTS•+ scavenging assay. In this case, the polysaccharides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), to see functional groups that may be present, linked to antioxidant activity. Concentrations of polysaccharides of 20 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL were used and of the four strains 1688 resulted with the highest percentage of radical inhibition (73.8%), followed by of 1612, 1716 and 1611. The FT-IR evidenced the presence of α and β-glucan type bonds, as well as bands characteristic of sulfate groups and uronic acid for some strains. It is also proposed for the following studies to invest effort in identifying the monomers of the polymeric chain while studying what type of links are present between the monomers of this, also evaluating the efficacy of the polysaccharides of these species in antitumor, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory assays.
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