Diferenciación en la morfometría de branquioespinas en Strangomera bentincki (Norman,1936) y Engraulis ringens (Jenyns,1842) en la zona centro y sur de Chile.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Strangomera bentincki (sardina común) y Engraulis ringens (anchoveta) son peces pelágicos pequeños, de importancia pesquera a nivel mundial y local. Sardina común se distribuye en la zona centro-sur de Chile, con presencia en el mar interior de Chiloé, mientras que la anchoveta se extiende desde el norte de Perú hasta el sur de Chile. Ambas especies coexisten en el mar interior de Chiloé. La alimentación
en Clupeiformes es planctónica, siendo el zooplancton la principal fuente de carbono en su dieta. La medición de branquioespinas es uno de los métodos para estudiar la alimentación de peces pelágicos pequeños y se basa en que existiría una la relación entre la composición de la dieta y características del aparato branquial tales como el número, longitud y espaciamiento de las branquioespinas. En el presente estudio se determinará si se presentan diferencias en la morfometría del aparato branquial entre dos especies de pelágicos pequeños entre la zona centro y sur de Chile. La zona del centro-sur de Chile presenta una elevada productividad biológica, impulsada por la presencia de la corriente de Humboldt, la surgencia costera en primavera y verano, pero también ocasionalmente en otras estaciones del año, y el aporte de agua dulce mediante la descarga fluvial principalmente invernal. El mar interior de Chiloé (MICH) presenta una alta productividad también en primavera y verano, la cual disminuye drásticamente durante los períodos de otoño e invierno cuando se reduce la disponibilidad de alimento para el zooplancton y peces, (Iriarte et al., 2007). En esta zona el aporte de agua dulce es importante durante todo el año.
Para determinar si existen diferencias en la morfología del aparato branquial entre especies y las zonas, se analizaron 155 individuos de sardina común y anchoveta, provenientes de dos zonas distintas (región del Biobío y MICH). Se analizó la morfología del aparato branquial mediante regresiones lineales entre 5 variables (Peso, Longitud del arco branquial, número de branquioespinas, largo de branquioespinas, espacio entre branquioespinas) y la talla corporal de los peces, se realizó una comparación de las pendientes de estas regresiones lineales, entre sardina común y anchoveta y entre la región del Biobío y el MICH. Además del análisis estadístico ANCOVA para controlar el efecto de la covariable talla corporal. Se presentaron diferencias en las variables analizadas del aparato branquial entre las zonas. En el MICH los valores de las variables en sardina común fueron mayores que los valores de sardina común en la región del Biobío. Mientas que en anchoveta los valores fueron mayores que en la octava región. Anchoveta y sardina común presentaron diferencias en dos variables, LBE mayor en anchoveta y NBE mayor en sardina común en el MICH. En la región del Biobío se presentaron diferencias en las variables con valores mayores en anchoveta a excepción del NBE que se presentó mayor en sardina común. La alimentación en sardina común y anchoveta son diferentes.
Strangomera bentincki (common sardine) and Engraulis ringens (anchovy) are small pelagic fish of global and local fisheries importance. The common sardine is distributed in the central-southern zone of Chile, including the inner sea of Chiloé, whereas the anchovy extends from northern Peru to southern Chile. Both species coexist in the inner sea of Chiloé. The feeding habits of Clupeiforms are planktonic, zooplankton being the main source of carbon in their diet. Measurement of gill raker morphology is one method used to study the feeding habits of small pelagic fish, based on the hypothesis that exists a relationship between diet composition and characteristics of the gill apparatus such as number, length, and spacing of gill rakers. This study aims to determine if there are differences in gill raker morphology between two species of small pelagic fish from the central and southern zones of Chile. The central-southern zone of Chile exhibits high biological productivity, driven by the Humboldt Current, coastal upwelling in spring and summer, and occasionally in other seasons, as well as freshwater input mainly during winter. The inner sea of Chiloé (MICH) also experiences high productivity in spring and summer, which drastically decreases in autumn and winter due to reduced zooplankton and fish food availability (Iriarte et al., 2007). Freshwater input is significant in this area throughout the year. To determine if there are differences in gill raker morphology between species and regions, 155 individuals of common sardine and anchovy from two different zones (Biobío region and MICH) were analyzed. Gill raker morphology was assessed using linear regressions among 5 variables (weight, length of gill arch, number of gill rakers, length of gill rakers, spacing between gill rakers) and fish body size. A comparison of the slopes of these linear regressions was conducted between common sardine and anchovy, and between the Biobío region and MICH. Additionally, ANCOVA statistical analysis was performed to control for the effect of body size as a covariate. Differences in the analyzed variables of gill raker morphology between the zones were observed. In MICH, the values of these variables in common sardine were higher than those in common sardine from the Biobío region, while in anchovy, the values were higher than those in the Biobio Region. Anchovy and common sardine showed differences in two variables, with longer gill raker length (LBE) in anchovy and higher number of gill rakers (NBE) in common sardine in MICH. In the Biobío region, differences in the variables were observed with higher values in anchovy, except for NBE, which was higher in common sardine. The feeding habits of common sardine and anchovy are distinct.
Strangomera bentincki (common sardine) and Engraulis ringens (anchovy) are small pelagic fish of global and local fisheries importance. The common sardine is distributed in the central-southern zone of Chile, including the inner sea of Chiloé, whereas the anchovy extends from northern Peru to southern Chile. Both species coexist in the inner sea of Chiloé. The feeding habits of Clupeiforms are planktonic, zooplankton being the main source of carbon in their diet. Measurement of gill raker morphology is one method used to study the feeding habits of small pelagic fish, based on the hypothesis that exists a relationship between diet composition and characteristics of the gill apparatus such as number, length, and spacing of gill rakers. This study aims to determine if there are differences in gill raker morphology between two species of small pelagic fish from the central and southern zones of Chile. The central-southern zone of Chile exhibits high biological productivity, driven by the Humboldt Current, coastal upwelling in spring and summer, and occasionally in other seasons, as well as freshwater input mainly during winter. The inner sea of Chiloé (MICH) also experiences high productivity in spring and summer, which drastically decreases in autumn and winter due to reduced zooplankton and fish food availability (Iriarte et al., 2007). Freshwater input is significant in this area throughout the year. To determine if there are differences in gill raker morphology between species and regions, 155 individuals of common sardine and anchovy from two different zones (Biobío region and MICH) were analyzed. Gill raker morphology was assessed using linear regressions among 5 variables (weight, length of gill arch, number of gill rakers, length of gill rakers, spacing between gill rakers) and fish body size. A comparison of the slopes of these linear regressions was conducted between common sardine and anchovy, and between the Biobío region and MICH. Additionally, ANCOVA statistical analysis was performed to control for the effect of body size as a covariate. Differences in the analyzed variables of gill raker morphology between the zones were observed. In MICH, the values of these variables in common sardine were higher than those in common sardine from the Biobío region, while in anchovy, the values were higher than those in the Biobio Region. Anchovy and common sardine showed differences in two variables, with longer gill raker length (LBE) in anchovy and higher number of gill rakers (NBE) in common sardine in MICH. In the Biobío region, differences in the variables were observed with higher values in anchovy, except for NBE, which was higher in common sardine. The feeding habits of common sardine and anchovy are distinct.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de título de Bióloga Marina
Keywords
Peces pelágicos, Productividad biológica, Zooplancton, Sardinas Chile, Anchoveta peruana Chile