Análisis de la resistencia a la abrasión de cermets Fe-SIC para aplicaciones mineras.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El presente trabajo analiza la resistencia al desgaste por abrasión del cermet Fe-SiC, material compuesto por hierro (Fe) y carburo de silicio (SiC), con potencial aplicación en la industria minera. Para evaluar su comportamiento tribológico, se realizaron ensayos normalizados según las normas ASTM G65 (abrasión de bajo esfuerzo) y ASTM B611 (abrasión de alto esfuerzo), comparando los resultados con materiales convencionales como el acero SAE 1020 y el acero SAE 4140 templado.
Bajo la norma ASTM G65, el cermet Fe-SiC presentó una pérdida de volumen promedio de 142,95 mm³, mientras que el acero 1020 alcanzó 156,11 mm³, lo que equivale a una reducción del 9,2% en favor del Fe-SiC. Sin embargo, esta mejora es marginal considerando la complejidad y costo de fabricación del cermet.
En contraste, los ensayos ASTM B611 demostraron una notable superioridad del cermet Fe-SiC. Este material registró una pérdida de volumen de solo 2,51 mm³ frente a un promedio de 105,42 mm³ para el acero 4140 templado, lo que representa una disminución del 97,6% en la pérdida de volumen.
Los resultados permiten concluir que el cermet Fe-SiC es una alternativa viable para aplicaciones industriales donde predominen condiciones de alta carga y abrasión intensa, como en entornos mineros. No obstante, en escenarios de bajo esfuerzo, su desempeño no justifica plenamente los mayores costos de producción.
Finalmente, se propone como línea futura de investigación evaluar el efecto de variables adicionales, tales como la temperatura de operación y la naturaleza del abrasivo, para determinar cómo estas influyen en la resistencia al desgaste del material.
This study analyzes the abrasion wear resistance of Fe-SiC cermet, a composite material composed of iron (Fe) and silicon carbide (SiC), with potential applications in the mining industry. To assess its tribological behavior, standardized tests were conducted according to ASTM G65 (low-stress abrasion) and ASTM B611 (high-stress abrasion), comparing the results with conventional materials such as SAE 1020 steel and quenched SAE 4140 steel. Under ASTM G65 conditions, the Fe-SiC cermet exhibited an average volume loss of 142.95 mm³, whereas SAE 1020 steel reached 156.11 mm³, representing a 9.2% reduction in favor of the cermet. However, this improvement is considered marginal given the complexity and manufacturing costs associated with Fe-SiC. In contrast, the ASTM B611 tests demonstrated a remarkable superiority of the Fe-SiC cermet, which recorded a volume loss of only 2.51 mm³ compared to an average of 105.42 mm³ for quenched SAE 4140 steel equivalent to a 97.6% reduction in wear. These results indicate that Fe-SiC is a viable alternative for industrial applications involving high loads and intense abrasion, such as those commonly found in mining environments. However, under low-stress conditions, its performance does not fully justify the higher production costs. Finally, future research should address the influence of additional variables such as operating temperature and abrasive type on the wear resistance of the material.
This study analyzes the abrasion wear resistance of Fe-SiC cermet, a composite material composed of iron (Fe) and silicon carbide (SiC), with potential applications in the mining industry. To assess its tribological behavior, standardized tests were conducted according to ASTM G65 (low-stress abrasion) and ASTM B611 (high-stress abrasion), comparing the results with conventional materials such as SAE 1020 steel and quenched SAE 4140 steel. Under ASTM G65 conditions, the Fe-SiC cermet exhibited an average volume loss of 142.95 mm³, whereas SAE 1020 steel reached 156.11 mm³, representing a 9.2% reduction in favor of the cermet. However, this improvement is considered marginal given the complexity and manufacturing costs associated with Fe-SiC. In contrast, the ASTM B611 tests demonstrated a remarkable superiority of the Fe-SiC cermet, which recorded a volume loss of only 2.51 mm³ compared to an average of 105.42 mm³ for quenched SAE 4140 steel equivalent to a 97.6% reduction in wear. These results indicate that Fe-SiC is a viable alternative for industrial applications involving high loads and intense abrasion, such as those commonly found in mining environments. However, under low-stress conditions, its performance does not fully justify the higher production costs. Finally, future research should address the influence of additional variables such as operating temperature and abrasive type on the wear resistance of the material.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Mecánico
Keywords
Tribología, Metales cerámicos, Materiales compuestos