Caracterización química de polisacáridos del hongo endémico comestible Cortinarius lebre y su influencia en la actividad antioxidante y anticoagulante.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las enfermedades que afectan al sistema circulatorio incluyen los trastornos trombóticos que son la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas a pacientes hospitalizados. El uso de agentes anticoagulantes constituye la principal alternativa de prevención y tratamiento de estas enfermedades. Aunque la heparina, un mucopolisacárido sulfatado, presenta varios efectos adversos, sigue siendo el fármaco más ampliamente utilizado debido a su efecto anticoagulante y antitrombótico. Los fármacos anticoagulantes naturales pueden obtenerse a partir de plantas, ricas en metabolitos secundarios bioactivos que, además de ser eficaces antioxidantes, poseen propiedades anticoagulantes y antiagregantes plaquetarias, por lo que pueden ser excelentes candidatos para el tratamiento de enfermedades trombóticas. Estudios recientes han demostrado la eficacia de polisacáridos fúngicos como inhibidores de la coagulación sanguínea a través de la catálisis de antitrombina. En la presente investigación, se determinó la composición química de los polisacáridos de la especie endémica comestible Cortinarius lebre. Los polisacáridos crudos fueron obtenidos mediante extracción con agua caliente. Para la caracterización se utilizaron técnicas de FTIR, composición monomérica, contenido de azúcares totales y contenido de ácido urónico. La capacidad anticoagulante, fue determinada in vitro por ensayos de coagulación de tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada (TTPA) y tiempo de protrombina (PT). Paralelamente, se determinó la actividad antioxidante in vitro mediante los ensayos DPPH (IC50 6.4 mg/mL) y ABTS (IC50 5.09 mg/mL). Este estudio aborda por primera vez el contenido de polisacáridos de la especie Cortinarius lebre y su relación con las actividades biológicas y se propone a este hongo como potencial alternativo farmacológico complementario para la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades trombóticas.
Thrombotic diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Anticoagulant agents are the primary treatment option for preventing and treating these diseases. Despite its several adverse effects, heparin, a sulfated mucopolysaccharide, remains the most widely used drug due to its anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects. Natural anticoagulant medicines can be derived from plants, which contain bioactive secondary metabolites. These metabolites are effective antioxidants and have anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties, making them promising for treating thrombotic diseases. Recent studies have shown that fungal polysaccharides can inhibit blood coagulation by catalyzing antithrombin. The chemical composition of the polysaccharides from the edible endemic species Cortinarius lebre was determined in this research. The crude polysaccharides were obtained through hot water extraction. Characterization was performed using FTIR techniques, monomeric composition, total sugar content, and uronic acid content. The anticoagulant capacity was determined in vitro through activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) coagulation assays. The study determined the antioxidant activity in vitro using the DPPH (IC50 6.9 mg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 5.09 mg/mL) assays, while also addressing the polysaccharide content of the Cortinarius lebre species and its potential as a complementary pharmacological alternative for preventing and treating thrombotic diseases.
Thrombotic diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Anticoagulant agents are the primary treatment option for preventing and treating these diseases. Despite its several adverse effects, heparin, a sulfated mucopolysaccharide, remains the most widely used drug due to its anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects. Natural anticoagulant medicines can be derived from plants, which contain bioactive secondary metabolites. These metabolites are effective antioxidants and have anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties, making them promising for treating thrombotic diseases. Recent studies have shown that fungal polysaccharides can inhibit blood coagulation by catalyzing antithrombin. The chemical composition of the polysaccharides from the edible endemic species Cortinarius lebre was determined in this research. The crude polysaccharides were obtained through hot water extraction. Characterization was performed using FTIR techniques, monomeric composition, total sugar content, and uronic acid content. The anticoagulant capacity was determined in vitro through activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) coagulation assays. The study determined the antioxidant activity in vitro using the DPPH (IC50 6.9 mg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 5.09 mg/mL) assays, while also addressing the polysaccharide content of the Cortinarius lebre species and its potential as a complementary pharmacological alternative for preventing and treating thrombotic diseases.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Bióloga
Keywords
Anticoagulantes, Antioxidantes, Polisacáridos