Evaluación del sistema de riego por microaspersión para los predios San José y San Ramón, sector Los Niches, Curicó VII Región
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Date
2004
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El presente estudio se desarrolló en los predios de San José y San Ramón, propiedad de Solfrut S.A., ubicados en el sector denominado Los Niches, a 8 Km. Sur – oriente de la ciudad de Curicó, VII Región del Maule, durante la temporada de riego 2001-2002.
El objetivo general de proyecto fue evaluar el manejo, operación y funcionamiento del sistema de riego por microaspersión, además proponer medidas de manejo y operación del sistema de riego tomando como base los requerimientos de agua del frutal y las características físicas básicas de los suelos, como retención de humedad, densidad aparente y texturas.
Para el desarrollo de la evaluación se escogieron tres subunidades en cada predio, ubicándose éstas en una distancia lejana, media y cercana con respecto al centro de control.
Se efectuó un análisis de la situación actual del riego, considerando las características más importantes de los equipos y el manejo empleado. El análisis se basó en los parámetros de calidad del riego: Coeficiente de Uniformidad y Eficiencia de Distribución Total. Además, se evaluó el volumen de agua requerida por el frutal respecto al volumen de agua aplicada.
Del estudio se concluyó que: i) Los valores de Eficiencia de Distribución Total resultaron adecuados para ambos predios, con valores superiores al 65%. ii) El Coeficiente de Uniformidad de Chistiansen es igual o superior al 90%, lo cual implica que las plantas reciben prácticamente el mismo volumen de agua a lo largo de los laterales. iii) Los volúmenes de agua aplicada para el predio San José resultaron, por lo general, inferiores a los volúmenes requeridos y para la mayoría de las subunidades del predio San Ramón, los volúmenes de agua aplicada cubrieron las necesidades de la planta.
Además, se sugirieron nuevos tiempos de riego y medidas de manejo que permitan mejorar la calidad del riego.
The present study was carried out during the 2001-2002 irrigation season, at the San José and San Ramón farms, belong Solfrut S.A. company, located in Los Niches, 8 km south-east from the City of Curicó, Region of Maule River. The general purpose of the project was to asses the management and operation conditions of the micro-sprinkler irrigation system of each farm. Additionally, a suggested management and operation actions for the irrigation system were to be made based on the orchards water requirements and the basic physical characteristics of the soils, such as a soil water storage capacity, bulk density and textures. In order to perform the assessment, a selection of three sub-units was made in each irrigation system, located at a far, intermediate and close distance from the central control head. The present irrigation situation was analyzed considering the most important features of the equipment and the management system used. The analysis was based on the irrigation quality parameters: Uniformity Coefficient and Total Distribution Efficiency. Also, an evaluation was made of the water volume required for orchards compared to the water volume actually applied. The following conclusions are obtained from the study: i)The Total Distribution Efficiency Values were correct for both irrigation systems, reaching values above 65%. ii) The Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient is equal or higher than 90%, which means that plants receive just about the same volume of water along the laterals. iii) The volume of water used in the San José irrigation system were in general lower than the volumes required, and for most of the sub-units in the San Ramón irrigation system the water volumes used were sufficient to cover the orchard’s needs. Also, new times of irrigation and management actions were suggested in order to improve the quality of irrigation.
The present study was carried out during the 2001-2002 irrigation season, at the San José and San Ramón farms, belong Solfrut S.A. company, located in Los Niches, 8 km south-east from the City of Curicó, Region of Maule River. The general purpose of the project was to asses the management and operation conditions of the micro-sprinkler irrigation system of each farm. Additionally, a suggested management and operation actions for the irrigation system were to be made based on the orchards water requirements and the basic physical characteristics of the soils, such as a soil water storage capacity, bulk density and textures. In order to perform the assessment, a selection of three sub-units was made in each irrigation system, located at a far, intermediate and close distance from the central control head. The present irrigation situation was analyzed considering the most important features of the equipment and the management system used. The analysis was based on the irrigation quality parameters: Uniformity Coefficient and Total Distribution Efficiency. Also, an evaluation was made of the water volume required for orchards compared to the water volume actually applied. The following conclusions are obtained from the study: i)The Total Distribution Efficiency Values were correct for both irrigation systems, reaching values above 65%. ii) The Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient is equal or higher than 90%, which means that plants receive just about the same volume of water along the laterals. iii) The volume of water used in the San José irrigation system were in general lower than the volumes required, and for most of the sub-units in the San Ramón irrigation system the water volumes used were sufficient to cover the orchard’s needs. Also, new times of irrigation and management actions were suggested in order to improve the quality of irrigation.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego - Chile, Riego por aspersión, Agricultura de precisión - Chile