Evaluación de tecnología de control de olores en el contexto del anteproyecto de norma de emisión para el sector pesquero.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los malos olores han generado preocupación por su impacto en la calidad de vida y salud de las personas, especialmente en comunidades expuestas de forma constante. En el sector pesquero, las plantas procesadoras de harina y aceite de pescado son grandes emisoras de compuestos como el ácido sulfhídrico (H2S) y la trimetilamina ((CH3)3N), generados principalmente durante el proceso de Cocción y Secado, lo que afecta la calidad del aire y el bienestar de trabajadores y vecinos. Para abordar esta situación, en Chile se está desarrollando una normativa que regulará las emisiones odoríferas en 34 establecimientos pesqueros, de los cuales 23 corresponden a Plantas de Harina y Aceite de Pescado. La medida promueve la adopción de tecnologías avanzadas como sistemas UV, de ozonización e ionización (plasma no térmico), enfocadas en reducir los olores en su origen y mejorar la calidad ambiental, marcando un paso crucial hacia el bienestar de las comunidades afectadas.
La futura norma de emisión para el sector pesquero establece que las plantas existentes deben reducir en un 70% su tasa de emisión de olor total (TEOTOTAL) en un plazo de 4 años, sin embargo, podrían eximirse de esta reducción acreditando una TEOTOTAL que permita cumplir un impacto odorante máximo menor o igual a 5 OUE/m3 P98.
De acuerdo con lo anterior, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las emisiones de olor generadas por una planta de harina y aceite de pescado, con el propósito de proponer y analizar la efectividad de una tecnología de control de olores que permita cumplir con los requisitos de la futura norma de emisión para el sector pesquero.
Se obtuvo que la tasa de emisión de olor total de la planta en estudio fue de 221.528 OUE/s, es decir, para que la planta pueda cumplir con lo establecido en la futura norma de emisión para el sector pesquero, esta debe reducir en un 70% su TEOTOTAL, lo que equivale a disminuir a 66.458 OUE/s. Luego, se realizó una modelación de dispersión de olores, con la finalidad de evaluar la concentración de olor en los receptores, determinando que el receptor con mayor impacto posee una concentración de 6 OUE/m3, lo que supera lo establecido en la norma.
Para reducir las emisiones odoríferas, se propuso una tecnología de control de olores, que corresponde al Plasma No Térmico con un 80% de efectividad en la reducción de olores. Luego, se realizaron dos escenarios futuros, en el primero, la tecnología se aplicó únicamente en la fuente más crítica, el Scrubber Enfriador Molino; en el segundo, se extendió al Scrubber y a las Celosías. Los resultados comparativos de ambos escenarios con respecto a la situación actual se presentan en las tablas siguientes.
Foul odors have generated concern about their impact on people's quality of life and health, especially in communities that are constantly exposed to them. In the fishing sector, fishmeal and fish oil processing plants are major emitters of compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and trimethylamine ((CH3)3N), generated mainly during the cooking and drying process, which affects air quality and the well-being of workers and neighbors. To address this situation, Chile is developing a regulation that will regulate odor emissions in 34 fishing establishments, 23 of which are Fishmeal and Fish Oil Plants. The measure promotes the adoption of advanced technologies such as UV, ozonation and ionization (non-thermal plasma) systems, focused on reducing odors at source and improving environmental quality, marking a crucial step towards the welfare of the affected communities. The future emission standard for the fishing sector establishes that existing plants must reduce their total odor emission rate (TEOTOTAL) by 70% within 4 years; however, they could be exempted from this reduction by accrediting a TEOTOTAL that allows them to comply with a maximum odor impact less than or equal to 5 OUE/m3 P98. In accordance with the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the odor emissions generated by a fishmeal and fish oil plant, with the purpose of proposing and analyzing the effectiveness of an odor control technology to comply with the requirements of the future emission standard for the fishing sector. It was obtained that the total odor emission rate of the plant under study was 221,528 OUE/s, that is, in order for the plant to comply with the requirements of the future emission standard for the fishing sector, it must reduce its TEOTOTAL by 70%, which is equivalent to a reduction of 66,458 OUE/s. Then, an odor dispersion modeling was carried out to evaluate the odor concentration in the receptors, determining that the receptor with the greatest impact has a concentration of 6 OUE/m3, which exceeds the standard. To reduce odor emissions, an odor control technology was proposed, which corresponds to the Non-Thermal Plasma with 80% effectiveness in odor reduction. Then, two future scenarios were carried out, in the first one, the technology was applied only in the most critical source, the Scrubber Cooler Mill; in the second one, it was extended to the Scrubber and the Lattices. The comparative results of both scenarios with respect to the current situation are presented in the following tables.
Foul odors have generated concern about their impact on people's quality of life and health, especially in communities that are constantly exposed to them. In the fishing sector, fishmeal and fish oil processing plants are major emitters of compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and trimethylamine ((CH3)3N), generated mainly during the cooking and drying process, which affects air quality and the well-being of workers and neighbors. To address this situation, Chile is developing a regulation that will regulate odor emissions in 34 fishing establishments, 23 of which are Fishmeal and Fish Oil Plants. The measure promotes the adoption of advanced technologies such as UV, ozonation and ionization (non-thermal plasma) systems, focused on reducing odors at source and improving environmental quality, marking a crucial step towards the welfare of the affected communities. The future emission standard for the fishing sector establishes that existing plants must reduce their total odor emission rate (TEOTOTAL) by 70% within 4 years; however, they could be exempted from this reduction by accrediting a TEOTOTAL that allows them to comply with a maximum odor impact less than or equal to 5 OUE/m3 P98. In accordance with the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the odor emissions generated by a fishmeal and fish oil plant, with the purpose of proposing and analyzing the effectiveness of an odor control technology to comply with the requirements of the future emission standard for the fishing sector. It was obtained that the total odor emission rate of the plant under study was 221,528 OUE/s, that is, in order for the plant to comply with the requirements of the future emission standard for the fishing sector, it must reduce its TEOTOTAL by 70%, which is equivalent to a reduction of 66,458 OUE/s. Then, an odor dispersion modeling was carried out to evaluate the odor concentration in the receptors, determining that the receptor with the greatest impact has a concentration of 6 OUE/m3, which exceeds the standard. To reduce odor emissions, an odor control technology was proposed, which corresponds to the Non-Thermal Plasma with 80% effectiveness in odor reduction. Then, two future scenarios were carried out, in the first one, the technology was applied only in the most critical source, the Scrubber Cooler Mill; in the second one, it was extended to the Scrubber and the Lattices. The comparative results of both scenarios with respect to the current situation are presented in the following tables.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Ambiental.
Keywords
Industria pesquera, Olores Aspectos ambientales, Medio ambiente Normas