Análisis del potencial de bacterias ácido lácticas en pingüinos antárticos: un enfoque hace la preservación
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Date
2022
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Universidad de Concepión
Abstract
En la actualidad los pingüinos antárticos son reservorios de microorganismos patógenos asociados a enfermedades infecciosas en humanos. Debido al aislamiento geográfico los pingüinos presentan una susceptibilidad inmunológica al ingreso de nuevos patógenos de otras partes del mundo. Bajo este escenario, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad probiótica in vitro de las bacterias ácido láctico (BAL) aisladas de pingüinos antárticos.
Para ello se realizaron pruebas para determinar la capacidad de las BAL de sobrevivir y adherirse al sistema gastrointestinal del ave, además de evaluar
la actividad antimicrobiana de las cepas lácticas. Los resultados mostraron que las cepas lácticas fueron capaces de soportar en caldo MRS valores de pH sobre 4, sin embargo, por medio de UFC/ml se observaron 5 cepas capaces de resistir a pH 3. Por otra parte, todas las BAL resistieron positivamente las concentraciones de sales biliares que van desde 0,1 % a 1%. La capacidad de adherirse al intestino del animal fue evaluada a través del porcentaje de hidrofobicidad, donde los valores variaron entre 0% a 77,14%. De las 11 cepas lácticas sólo dos (28 y 31) generaron halo de inhibición ante el patógeno Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Se concluye que las cepas lácticas aisladas en pingüinos fueron resistentes a condiciones de crecimiento desfavorables de pH y sales biliares establecidos, además de presentar buenos resultados a su capacidad de adherirse a un hidrocarburo. A pesar de no inhibir a dos de los tres patógenos de prueba, los resultados frente a S. aureus indicarían que las BAL poseen propiedades probióticas, y junto a ello ser un potencial biorremediador frente a las futuras condiciones de salud en pingüinos antárticos.
Antarctic penguins are currently reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms associated with infectious diseases in humans. Due to geographical isolation, penguins have an immunological susceptibility to the entry of new pathogens from other parts of the world. Under this scenario, the objective of this work is to evaluate the probiotic capacity in vitro of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) isolated from Antarctic penguins. To do this, tests were carried out to determine the ability of the BALs to survive and adhere to the gastrointestinal system of the bird, in addition to evaluating the antimicrobial activity of the lactic strains. The results showed that the lactic strains were able to withstand in MRS broth pH values over 4, however, by means of CFU/ml 5 strains capable of resisting pH 3 were observed. On the other hand, all BALs positively resisted bile salt concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1%. The ability to adhere to the animal's intestine was evaluated through the percentage of hydrophobicity, where the values ranged from 0% to 77.14%. Of the 11 lactic strains, only two (28 and 31) generated an inhibition halo against the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Is concluded that the lactic strains isolated in penguins were resistant to unfavorable growth conditions of pH and established bile salts, in addition to presenting good results to their ability to adhere to a hydrocarbon. Despite not inhibiting two of the three test pathogens, the results against S. aureus would indicate that BALs possess probiotic properties, and together with this be a potential bioremediator against future health conditions in antarctic penguins
Antarctic penguins are currently reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms associated with infectious diseases in humans. Due to geographical isolation, penguins have an immunological susceptibility to the entry of new pathogens from other parts of the world. Under this scenario, the objective of this work is to evaluate the probiotic capacity in vitro of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) isolated from Antarctic penguins. To do this, tests were carried out to determine the ability of the BALs to survive and adhere to the gastrointestinal system of the bird, in addition to evaluating the antimicrobial activity of the lactic strains. The results showed that the lactic strains were able to withstand in MRS broth pH values over 4, however, by means of CFU/ml 5 strains capable of resisting pH 3 were observed. On the other hand, all BALs positively resisted bile salt concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1%. The ability to adhere to the animal's intestine was evaluated through the percentage of hydrophobicity, where the values ranged from 0% to 77.14%. Of the 11 lactic strains, only two (28 and 31) generated an inhibition halo against the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Is concluded that the lactic strains isolated in penguins were resistant to unfavorable growth conditions of pH and established bile salts, in addition to presenting good results to their ability to adhere to a hydrocarbon. Despite not inhibiting two of the three test pathogens, the results against S. aureus would indicate that BALs possess probiotic properties, and together with this be a potential bioremediator against future health conditions in antarctic penguins
Description
Proyecto de habilitación profesional presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Pingüinos, Sistema inmunológico, Ácido láctico