Evaluación de la calidad microbiana del agua de riego en pequeños horticultores de San Nicolás y Boyen Chico, región de Ñuble, Chile
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La presente tesis busca evaluar la calidad microbiológica en agua, suelo y hortalizas producidas por pequeños horticultores pertenecientes a San Nicolás y Boyen Chico, región de Ñuble, Chile, para establecer la calidad del agua y su implicancia en las Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos (ETA). Para lograr este objetivo se analizaron las muestras en tres matrices: agua subterránea, hortalizas (lechuga, apio, acelga y cilantro) y suelo (de cada hortaliza). Por medio de la técnica de recuento en placa, aplicada a las hortalizas, se busca determinar Enterobacterias, Escherichia coli, Coliformes Totales y Coliformes Fecales; mientras que, a través de la técnica del Número Más Probable (NMP), aplicada al agua y suelo, se busca la presencia de Escherichia coli, Coliformes Totales y Coliformes Fecales. El muestreo se realizó en la temporada agrícola 2023-2024 en dos campañas, septiembre y noviembre. Los resultados de los análisis microbiológico indicaron que el agua de riego utilizada en las zonas de estudios está dentro de la normativa chilena al igual que las hortalizas, sin embargo, se detectó presencia de Coliformes Fecales en todas las matrices, lo que sugiere acciones correctivas para minimizar los riesgos durante el proceso de producción, como la aplicación de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas (BPA).
The present thesis seeks to evaluate the microbiological quality of water, soil and vegetables produced by small horticulturists belonging to San Nicolás and Boyen Chico, Ñuble region, Chile, to establish water quality and its implication in Foodborne Diseases (FBD). To achieve this objective, samples were analyzed in three matrices: groundwater, vegetables (lettuce, celery, chard and cilantro) and soil (of each vegetable). The plate count technique, applied to vegetables, was used to determine Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, total coliforms and fecal coliforms, while the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, applied to water and soil, was used to determine the presence of Escherichia coli, total coliforms and fecal coliforms. Sampling was carried out during the 2023-2024 agricultural season in two campaigns, September and November. The results of the microbiological analyses indicated that the irrigation water used in the study areas is within Chile regulations, as are the vegetables; however, the presence of fecal coliforms was detected in all matrices, suggesting corrective actions to minimize risks during the production process, such as the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP).
The present thesis seeks to evaluate the microbiological quality of water, soil and vegetables produced by small horticulturists belonging to San Nicolás and Boyen Chico, Ñuble region, Chile, to establish water quality and its implication in Foodborne Diseases (FBD). To achieve this objective, samples were analyzed in three matrices: groundwater, vegetables (lettuce, celery, chard and cilantro) and soil (of each vegetable). The plate count technique, applied to vegetables, was used to determine Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, total coliforms and fecal coliforms, while the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, applied to water and soil, was used to determine the presence of Escherichia coli, total coliforms and fecal coliforms. Sampling was carried out during the 2023-2024 agricultural season in two campaigns, September and November. The results of the microbiological analyses indicated that the irrigation water used in the study areas is within Chile regulations, as are the vegetables; however, the presence of fecal coliforms was detected in all matrices, suggesting corrective actions to minimize risks during the production process, such as the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP).
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Agua de riego, Escherichia coli, Calidad del agua - Chile