Generación de un código de barras de ADN para el taxón endémico Alstroemeria ligtu L. subsp. ligtu (Alstroemeriaceae).
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El género Alstroemeria, con 90 especies originarias de Sudamérica (principalmente Brasil y Chile), pertenece a la familia Alstroemeriaceae. En Chile, se destacan 60 taxones, distribuidos desde el nivel del mar hasta los 4500 m.s.n.m. sobre una variedad de ambientes. Sus flores son apreciadas por su variabilidad morfológica, colores y duradera floración, siendo modificadas genéticamente para la generación de híbridos ornamentales y comerciales. Si bien su taxonomía se ha basado precisamente en estas características florales y vegetativas, también se ha explorado en el uso de otras fuentes de evidencia, tales como la variación colorimétrica, citogenética y molecular. En particular, a pesar de la diversidad de estudios moleculares existentes para el género, no existen estudios que apunten al diseño de barcodes moleculares que puedan apoyar la labor taxonómica para Alstroemeria.
Este trabajo examinó la viabilidad de identificar taxones específicos en Alstroemeria mediante barcodes moleculares, abordando la evaluación de regiones nucleares de baja copia y espaciadores cloroplastidiales hipervariables para la recuperación de grupos taxonómicamente coherentes, usando como ejemplo la subespecie A. ligtu subsp. ligtu. En general, se identificaron cuatro grupos genéticos, aunque se detectaron limitaciones de resolución en la discriminación inter e infraespecífica, las que podrían ser rectificadas al emplear fuentes de información complementarias tales como la morfología y la distribución geográfica. El marcador cloroplastidial rpl32-trnL se presenta como efectivo para la identificación y diferenciación de la subespecie en estudio, pero se resalta la necesidad de combinar su uso con otras fuentes de evidencia complementarias. Particularmente, se reporta un nuevo marcador nuclear de baja copia (1419g319_599), el que podría ayudar en la labor de identificación y discriminación de las subespecies en estudio. En general, los resultados ofrecen información sobre la aplicación de barcodes moleculares en Alstroemeria, destacando la importancia de considerar múltiples marcadores, datos y técnicas para la delimitación e identificación precisa de sus taxones.
The genus Alstroemeria, with 90 species originating from South America (mainly Brazil and Chile), belongs to the family Alstroemeriaceae. In Chile, 60 taxa are distinguished, distributed from sea level to 4500 meters above sea level and across multiple environments. Its flowers are appreciated for their morphological variability, colors, and long-lasting blooming, being recurrently modified for the generation of ornamental and commercial hybrids. While its taxonomy has been based on these floral and vegetative characteristics, further exploration has been also conducted into the use of other sources of evidence, such as colorimetric, cytogenetic, and molecular variation. Specifically, despite the diversity of existing molecular studies for the genus, no other attempts have aimed at designing molecular barcodes to support the current taxonomic proposal of Alstroemeria. This study examined the feasibility of identifying specific taxa in Alstroemeria using molecular barcodes, addressing the evaluation of low-copy nuclear regions and hypervariable chloroplast spacers for the recovery of taxonomically coherent groups, using the subspecies A. ligtu subsp. ligtu as a study subject. In general, four genetic groups were identified, which could be rectified by employing complementary sources of information such as morphology and geographic distribution. Despite their limitations in resolution and discrimination at inter- and infra-specific levels. The chloroplast marker rpl32-trnL proved to be effective for the identification and differentiation of the subspecies under study; yet the need to combine its use with other complementary sources of evidence is emphasized. Furthermore, a new low-copy nuclear marker (1419g319_599) is reported for this study, which could aid with the discrimination efforts. Overall, the results provide information on the application of molecular barcodes in Alstroemeria, highlighting the importance of considering multiple markers, data, and techniques for the precise delimitation and identification of its taxa.
The genus Alstroemeria, with 90 species originating from South America (mainly Brazil and Chile), belongs to the family Alstroemeriaceae. In Chile, 60 taxa are distinguished, distributed from sea level to 4500 meters above sea level and across multiple environments. Its flowers are appreciated for their morphological variability, colors, and long-lasting blooming, being recurrently modified for the generation of ornamental and commercial hybrids. While its taxonomy has been based on these floral and vegetative characteristics, further exploration has been also conducted into the use of other sources of evidence, such as colorimetric, cytogenetic, and molecular variation. Specifically, despite the diversity of existing molecular studies for the genus, no other attempts have aimed at designing molecular barcodes to support the current taxonomic proposal of Alstroemeria. This study examined the feasibility of identifying specific taxa in Alstroemeria using molecular barcodes, addressing the evaluation of low-copy nuclear regions and hypervariable chloroplast spacers for the recovery of taxonomically coherent groups, using the subspecies A. ligtu subsp. ligtu as a study subject. In general, four genetic groups were identified, which could be rectified by employing complementary sources of information such as morphology and geographic distribution. Despite their limitations in resolution and discrimination at inter- and infra-specific levels. The chloroplast marker rpl32-trnL proved to be effective for the identification and differentiation of the subspecies under study; yet the need to combine its use with other complementary sources of evidence is emphasized. Furthermore, a new low-copy nuclear marker (1419g319_599) is reported for this study, which could aid with the discrimination efforts. Overall, the results provide information on the application of molecular barcodes in Alstroemeria, highlighting the importance of considering multiple markers, data, and techniques for the precise delimitation and identification of its taxa.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Bióloga
Keywords
ADN Análisis, Marcadores genéticos, Variación (genética)