Uso de trazadores en el estudio de contaminación de aguas subterráneas
Loading...
Date
2006
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los trazadores, de tipo natural o artificial, constituyen la aplicación más directa para caracterizar y modelar los mecanismos de transporte de agua y de contaminantes en la zona saturada del suelo. De los trazadores artificiales más utilizados, los que presentan un comportamiento muy próximo al ideal son el bromuro (Br-) y el cloruro (Cl-), siendo este último el más eficiente, entregando resultados confiables a un bajo costo. Se han desarrollado nuevas alternativas como trazadores de aguas subterráneas, entre otras, el ADN sintético, que presenta una alta confiabilidad en los resultados, pero, actualmente, su detección y análisis es económicamente poco viable para pruebas de terreno a gran escala. Se probó una metodología para la estimación de la dispersividad de sustancias contaminantes en aguas subterráneas. Esta estimación fue a través del uso de un estanque de simulación, utilizando el ión cloruro como trazador. El frente de desplazamiento generado en el estanque fue descrito por un modelo de movimiento de un plano trazador. El modelo resultó ser una buena herramienta para conocer la curva de salida de un trazador salino, permitiendo obtener el valor de dispersividad para la arena de 0,0038 m m-1, el cual está dentro del rango mencionado en la literatura para arenas limpias.
Tracers, of the natural or artificial type, constitute the most direct application to characterize and model the transport mechanisms of water and pollutants in the saturated soil zone. One of the most used artificial tracers are bromide and chloride because they have the closest behavior to the ideal. Chloride is most efficient, because it provide reliable results at low cost. New alternatives have been developed as groundwater tracers, among others, synthetic DNA, which has high reliability in its results, but, currently, its detection and analysis is not economically viable for large scale field tests. A methodology for the estimation of dispersivity () of contaminating substances in groundwater was tested. This simulation was done using a simulation tank, with chloride ions as a tracer. The displacement front generated in the tank was described by a flat tracer movement model. The model proved to be a good instrument to learn the output curve of a saline tracer, giving a value of dispersivity for the sand of 0.0038 m m-1, which is in the range mentioned in the literature for clean sand.
Tracers, of the natural or artificial type, constitute the most direct application to characterize and model the transport mechanisms of water and pollutants in the saturated soil zone. One of the most used artificial tracers are bromide and chloride because they have the closest behavior to the ideal. Chloride is most efficient, because it provide reliable results at low cost. New alternatives have been developed as groundwater tracers, among others, synthetic DNA, which has high reliability in its results, but, currently, its detection and analysis is not economically viable for large scale field tests. A methodology for the estimation of dispersivity () of contaminating substances in groundwater was tested. This simulation was done using a simulation tank, with chloride ions as a tracer. The displacement front generated in the tank was described by a flat tracer movement model. The model proved to be a good instrument to learn the output curve of a saline tracer, giving a value of dispersivity for the sand of 0.0038 m m-1, which is in the range mentioned in the literature for clean sand.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Trazadores de aguas subterráneas, Aguas subterráneas - Chile, Contaminación de aguas subterráneas - Chile