Avances y desafíos de una economía circular en el sector vitivinícola, formas de valorizar al orujo de uva.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La industria vitivinícola es una de las más grandes del sector agrícola a nivel mundial, la cual produce millones de toneladas de residuos agrícolas cada año, uno de los principales es el orujo de uva, que proviene del proceso de vinificación, este residuo provoca problemas medioambientales al ser desechado en el mismo campo agrícola o en vertederos, y en el peor de los casos incinerado. El orujo de uva se ha considerado un subproducto infrautilizado, ya que posee altas propiedades valorizables aun incluso después de ser fermentado y prensado. Pero existen amplias formas de valorizar al orujo de uva, las cuales buscan reducir el impacto ambiental que provocan estas grandes cantidades de residuos y generar nuevas cadenas de valor en el sector vitivinícola. En esta monografía se destacan dos formas de valorizar al orujo de uva: como fuente de compuestos bioactivos, principalmente compuestos fenólicos contenidos en el orujo, los cuales poseen capacidades antioxidantes que pueden ser aprovechados por industrias farmacéuticas, nutraceúticas, cosméticas y alimentarias, generación de biocombustibles como el bioetanol y biogás, al mismo tiempo una revisión bibliográfica sobre las valorizaciones del orujo en Chile, demostrando así, un posible camino hacia la economía circular dentro del sector agrícola, la cual busca agregar valor a los residuos, reducir la contaminación y el consumo de recursos naturales.
The wine industry is one of the largest sectors in global agriculture, producing millions of tons of agricultural waste each year. One of the main by-products is grape pomace, which comes from the winemaking process. This waste causes environmental problems when disposed of in the same agricultural fields, in landfills, or, in the worst cases, incinerated. Grape pomace has been considered an underutilized by-product, as it still contains valuable properties even after fermentation and pressing. However, there are numerous ways to add value to grape pomace, aiming to reduce the environmental impact caused by these large quantities of waste and generate new value chains in the wine industry. This paper highlights two ways to valorize grape pomace: as a source of bioactive compounds, primarily phenolic compounds contained in the pomace, which have antioxidant properties that can be utilized by the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and food industries; and in the generation of biofuels such as bioethanol and biogas. Additionally, a literature review on pomace valorization in Chile is provided, demonstrating a potential path toward a circular economy within the agricultural sector, which seeks to add value to waste, reduce pollution, and minimize the consumption of natural resources.
The wine industry is one of the largest sectors in global agriculture, producing millions of tons of agricultural waste each year. One of the main by-products is grape pomace, which comes from the winemaking process. This waste causes environmental problems when disposed of in the same agricultural fields, in landfills, or, in the worst cases, incinerated. Grape pomace has been considered an underutilized by-product, as it still contains valuable properties even after fermentation and pressing. However, there are numerous ways to add value to grape pomace, aiming to reduce the environmental impact caused by these large quantities of waste and generate new value chains in the wine industry. This paper highlights two ways to valorize grape pomace: as a source of bioactive compounds, primarily phenolic compounds contained in the pomace, which have antioxidant properties that can be utilized by the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and food industries; and in the generation of biofuels such as bioethanol and biogas. Additionally, a literature review on pomace valorization in Chile is provided, demonstrating a potential path toward a circular economy within the agricultural sector, which seeks to add value to waste, reduce pollution, and minimize the consumption of natural resources.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Orujo de uva, Vinificación, Economia circular