Desafíos en el montaje de viviendas panelizadas y estrategias para reducir la brecha entre su planificación y ejecución.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La investigación se centra en la aplicación de métodos modernos de construcción en madera para la industrialización de viviendas sociales en la Región del Biobío, Chile, analizando principalmente la etapa de montaje del caso “Vivienda Prototipo” del Proyecto Diseño para la Manufactura y el Montaje: Propuestas de Viviendas Sociales para la Región del Biobío, en donde se evidenció una diferencia de 2 días entre el tiempo de montaje planificado y el efectivamente ejecutado.
El problema de investigación reside en la brecha entre la planificación y la ejecución del montaje de una vivienda panelizada en entramado liviano, realizado por un equipo sin experiencia previa. La pregunta de investigación es: ¿Qué aspectos clave influyen en el tiempo de ejecución del montaje de una vivienda panelizada, y cuales deben considerarse o ajustarse para mejorar el proceso? Se plantea como hipótesis que el nivel de experiencia del equipo de montajistas, al requerir superar una curva de aprendizaje, es determinante para optimizar el proceso de montaje.
El objetivo general fue evaluar el proceso de montaje de la vivienda, enfocándose en los aspectos mejorables que reduzcan la brecha entre planificación y ejecución. Por ello, los objetivos específicos buscaron (1) analizar el progreso diario en la instalación de paneles y las diferencias por tipología de panel, clasificando dificultades según su origen, y (2) evaluar la respuesta del equipo ante factores recurrentes, definiendo estrategias de mejora.
La metodología de tipo explicativa proyectual con enfoque mixto, combinó métodos cuantitativos -mediante el análisis de videos time-lapse, bitácoras y observación directa para medir tiempos y observar procedimientos- con métodos cualitativos, a través de entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas montajistas y asesores de montaje. La información se codificó y organizó en matrices para identificar patrones y visualizar alternativas de mejora.
Se obtuvieron datos detallados sobre las actividades realizadas, los tiempos y procedimientos de instalación, las dificultades recurrentes, el progreso del montaje y las diferencias por tipología de panel, así como la percepción del equipo de montajistas, las estrategias implementadas y los requerimientos necesarios para el desarrollo más eficiente del proceso en futuras aplicaciones.
The research focuses on the application of modern timber‐construction methods to the industrialization of social housing in Chile’s Biobío Region, with particular emphasis on the assembly phase of the “Prototype Housing” case study from the Design for Manufacture and Assembly Project: Social Housing Proposals for the Biobío Region. In this case, a two‐day discrepancy was observed between the planned and the actual assembly durations. The core research problem lies in the gap between the planning and execution of a light‐frame, panelized dwelling assembly carried out by a team with no prior experience. The research question is: Which key factors influence the execution time of a panelized housing assembly, and which of these factors should be considered or adjusted to improve the process? The working hypothesis is that the assemblers’ level of experience—and the associated need to overcome a learning curve—is a decisive determinant in optimizing the assembly process. The general objective was to evaluate the housing assembly process, focusing on aspects that can be improved to reduce the planning‐execution gap. Accordingly, the specific objectives were to (1) analyze daily progress in panel installation and differences by panel typology, classifying encountered difficulties according to their origin and (2) assess the team’s response to recurrent factors and define targeted improvement strategies. A projective‐explanatory methodology with a mixed‐methods approach was employed. Quantitative data were gathered via time‐lapse video analysis, logbooks, and direct observation to measure durations and document procedures. Qualitative insights were obtained through semi‐structured, individual interviews with assemblers and assembly advisors. All information was coded and organized into matrices to identify patterns and to visualize potential improvement alternatives. As a result, detailed data were obtained on the activities performed, installation durations and procedures, recurrent difficulties, assembly progress (including differences by panel typology), the assemblers’ perceptions, the strategies implemented, and the requirements necessary for a more efficient process in future applications.
The research focuses on the application of modern timber‐construction methods to the industrialization of social housing in Chile’s Biobío Region, with particular emphasis on the assembly phase of the “Prototype Housing” case study from the Design for Manufacture and Assembly Project: Social Housing Proposals for the Biobío Region. In this case, a two‐day discrepancy was observed between the planned and the actual assembly durations. The core research problem lies in the gap between the planning and execution of a light‐frame, panelized dwelling assembly carried out by a team with no prior experience. The research question is: Which key factors influence the execution time of a panelized housing assembly, and which of these factors should be considered or adjusted to improve the process? The working hypothesis is that the assemblers’ level of experience—and the associated need to overcome a learning curve—is a decisive determinant in optimizing the assembly process. The general objective was to evaluate the housing assembly process, focusing on aspects that can be improved to reduce the planning‐execution gap. Accordingly, the specific objectives were to (1) analyze daily progress in panel installation and differences by panel typology, classifying encountered difficulties according to their origin and (2) assess the team’s response to recurrent factors and define targeted improvement strategies. A projective‐explanatory methodology with a mixed‐methods approach was employed. Quantitative data were gathered via time‐lapse video analysis, logbooks, and direct observation to measure durations and document procedures. Qualitative insights were obtained through semi‐structured, individual interviews with assemblers and assembly advisors. All information was coded and organized into matrices to identify patterns and to visualize potential improvement alternatives. As a result, detailed data were obtained on the activities performed, installation durations and procedures, recurrent difficulties, assembly progress (including differences by panel typology), the assemblers’ perceptions, the strategies implemented, and the requirements necessary for a more efficient process in future applications.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Construcción Industrializada en Madera
Keywords
Proyectos de arquitectura, Construcción industrializada, Materiales de construcción, Madera