Explorando potenciales usos de la energía geotérmica en la zona centro sur de Chile
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Date
2023
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el potencial de la energía geotérmica en la XVI región de Ñuble, Chile y el posible impacto ambiental asociado a este potencial. Para esto se realizo una separación de la energía geotérmica según su entalpía, determinando por las condicionantes del terreno que la energía de muy baja entalpía es la opción predilecta para explotar en la región, esto a su vez, traería una serie de beneficios a la región, entre los que se encuentran una descongestión del sistema publico de salud por enfermedades respiratorias, un aumento en la calidad de vida de los habitantes dado por un mejoramiento en la calidad del aire atmosférico. Posterior a esto se estiman las aplicaciones reales de acuerdo con el potencial de la energía geotérmica en la región, valorizando un proyecto basado en una ubicación real en la comuna de Chillán para la explotación de la energía geotérmica de baja entalpia en forma de bombas de calor, además de estimar el valor aproximado para elaborar invernaderos geotérmicos de 100m2, siendo de gran ayuda en los meses de estación fría en una región que basa su economía en la actividad agropecuaria y silvícola.
Para estas soluciones energéticas se debió dilucidar si conllevan riesgos medioambientales, para lo cual se procedió a realizar una Matriz de Leopold donde a partir de los resultados, declarados como conjunto de juicios de valor, se determina que es una energía ambientalmente amigable, aunque, al ser un país sísmico tiene un aspecto negativo no controlable, siendo este una fuga que puede contaminar los medios agua y suelo, pero, las tecnologías actuales permiten tener refrigerantes cada vez más inocuos con el medio ambiente.
The objective in the present work was determines the potential of geothermal energy in XVI region of Ñuble, Chile and the possible environmental impact associated with them. For that, a separation was made of the geothermal energy according to its enthalpy, determining by the soil conditions that the very low enthalpy energy is the best option to exploting in the region, this in turn, brings to the region a series of benefits, among which are a public health system decongestion by respiratory diseases, and an increase in habitants life quality by improving the atmospheric air quality. Later the real applications have been estimated in accordance with the geothermal energy potential in the region, valorizing a project based on a real Chillan commune location for low enthalpy geothermal energy exploitation in the form of heat pump, besides estimating an approximate worth to craft geothermal greenhouse of 100m2, which is very helpful in cold season months in a region with an economy relying on silvicolous and agricultural activities. For these energy solutions it was due elucidate if entail environmental risks, for which are proceeded to make a Leopold matrix where starting results, how set of value judgments, set are determined that is an environmental friendly energy, although, to be a seismic country have a negative non controllable aspect, being this a leak that can contaminate the medium water and soil, but, the actual technologies allow have increasingly innocuous refrigerant with environment.
The objective in the present work was determines the potential of geothermal energy in XVI region of Ñuble, Chile and the possible environmental impact associated with them. For that, a separation was made of the geothermal energy according to its enthalpy, determining by the soil conditions that the very low enthalpy energy is the best option to exploting in the region, this in turn, brings to the region a series of benefits, among which are a public health system decongestion by respiratory diseases, and an increase in habitants life quality by improving the atmospheric air quality. Later the real applications have been estimated in accordance with the geothermal energy potential in the region, valorizing a project based on a real Chillan commune location for low enthalpy geothermal energy exploitation in the form of heat pump, besides estimating an approximate worth to craft geothermal greenhouse of 100m2, which is very helpful in cold season months in a region with an economy relying on silvicolous and agricultural activities. For these energy solutions it was due elucidate if entail environmental risks, for which are proceeded to make a Leopold matrix where starting results, how set of value judgments, set are determined that is an environmental friendly energy, although, to be a seismic country have a negative non controllable aspect, being this a leak that can contaminate the medium water and soil, but, the actual technologies allow have increasingly innocuous refrigerant with environment.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Energía geotérmica, Entalpía