Detección de metabolitos secundarios antimicrobianos obtenidos desde cultivos líquidos in vitro de hongos endófitos aislados de Nothofagus dombeyi recolectado en la cordillera de Los Andes, región de Ñuble
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La exploración de microorganismos en ecosistemas únicos es esencial para el descubrimiento de nuevos compuestos bioactivos, especialmente en regiones con alta biodiversidad como los bosques templados de la Cordillera de los Andes en la Región de Ñuble, Chile. El estudio de hongos endófitos que habitan en plantas nativas ha demostrado ser una estrategia prometedora en la búsqueda de metabolitos secundarios con propiedades antimicrobianas, los cuales podrían tener aplicaciones significativas en las industrias farmacéutica y agrícola. En este contexto, se investigó la hipótesis cuestionando si los hongos endófitos de Nothofagus dombeyi en las Termas de Chillán producen metabolitos con actividad antimicrobiana. El objetivo fue determinar la presencia de dichos metabolitos en extractos obtenidos de cultivos in vitro. Se aislaron hongos, se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos, se identificaron los compuestos responsables y se comparó la actividad según la estación del año (invierno/verano). Aproximadamente el 68% de los extractos mostraron actividad antimicrobiana, destacando el extracto VER. NdTCh T3-3 en pruebas antibacterianas, aunque con limitada eficacia antifúngica. Las cepas INV. NdTCh H2-3 y VER. NdTCh T1-1 inhibieron la esporulación de Aspergillus niger y Penicillium sp., resultando esto una actividad inusual. La cromatografía permitió identificar los metabolitos activos, aunque no hubo inhibición de Staphylococcus aureus MRS, posiblemente por la concentración del extracto. Los hongos recolectados en verano mostraron mayor actividad antimicrobiana comparados con los de invierno, sugiriendo que la estacionalidad afecta la producción de metabolitos. Estos resultados indican que los hongos endófitos de N. dombeyi ubicados en las Termas de Chillán son una fuente prometedora de compuestos antimicrobianos.
The exploration of microorganisms in unique ecosystems is essential for the discovery of new bioactive compounds, especially in regions with high biodiversity, such as the temperate forests of the Andes Mountains in the Ñuble Region of Chile. The study of endophytic fungi inhabiting native plants has proven to be a promising strategy in the search for secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties, which could have significant applications in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. In this context, the hypothesis was investigated, questioning whether endophytic fungi from Nothofagus dombeyi in the Termas de Chillán produce metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The objective was to determine the presence of these metabolites in extracts obtained from in vitro cultures. Fungi were isolated, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated, the responsible compounds were identified, and the activity was compared according to the season (winter/summer). Approximately 68% of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity, with the extract VER. NdTCh T3-3 standing out in antibacterial tests, although with limited antifungal efficacy. The INV. NdTCh H2-3 and VER. NdTCh T1-1 strains inhibited the sporulation of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., resulting in an unusual activity. Chromatography was used to identify the active metabolites, although there was no inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus MRS, possibly due to the extract's concentration. Fungi collected in summer showed greater antimicrobial activity compared to those from winter, suggesting that seasonality affects metabolite production. These results indicate that the endophytic fungi of N. dombeyi from Termas de Chillán are a promising source of antimicrobial compounds.
The exploration of microorganisms in unique ecosystems is essential for the discovery of new bioactive compounds, especially in regions with high biodiversity, such as the temperate forests of the Andes Mountains in the Ñuble Region of Chile. The study of endophytic fungi inhabiting native plants has proven to be a promising strategy in the search for secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties, which could have significant applications in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. In this context, the hypothesis was investigated, questioning whether endophytic fungi from Nothofagus dombeyi in the Termas de Chillán produce metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The objective was to determine the presence of these metabolites in extracts obtained from in vitro cultures. Fungi were isolated, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated, the responsible compounds were identified, and the activity was compared according to the season (winter/summer). Approximately 68% of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity, with the extract VER. NdTCh T3-3 standing out in antibacterial tests, although with limited antifungal efficacy. The INV. NdTCh H2-3 and VER. NdTCh T1-1 strains inhibited the sporulation of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., resulting in an unusual activity. Chromatography was used to identify the active metabolites, although there was no inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus MRS, possibly due to the extract's concentration. Fungi collected in summer showed greater antimicrobial activity compared to those from winter, suggesting that seasonality affects metabolite production. These results indicate that the endophytic fungi of N. dombeyi from Termas de Chillán are a promising source of antimicrobial compounds.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Nothofagus - Chile, Metabolitos Secundarios, Cromatografía