Sistema de sabiduría local aplicada a la recolección campesina de comunes costeros y forestales en la comuna de Lebu, región del Biobío, Chile.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Esta tesis se enmarca en la investigación de sistemas tradicionales de conocimiento, siendo estudiados los componentes del sistema de sabiduría local aplicado a la recolección campesina de comunes forestales y costeros en la comuna de Lebu.
La muestra intencional de la unidad de observación fue de 5 organizaciones de recolección campesina, participes del proyecto de investigación Comunes Costeros financiado por ANID. La fuente prevaleciente fueron datos secundarios producidos por el proyecto mediante herramientas participativas de investigación empleadas entre 07/2022 y 10/2022. El tratamiento de los datos cualitativos fue mediante análisis temático por codificación abductiva usando el programa informático ATLAS.TI.
La evidencia demostró en el ámbito praxeológico de la sabiduría, que los campesinos lebunenses identifican las técnicas insostenibles que aplican los recolectores polizones (free-rider), quienes son distinguidos localmente en la zona costera como la “gente del pueblo”, y en el predio forestal como recolectores “chantas”.
En el ámbito ontológico de la sabiduría local destaca el resultado de la dual representación que se tiene de la esencia del recolector campesino al apropiarse de su ambiente, por un lado, serían innatos “invasores” de los comunes, por otro, “guardianes” de la naturaleza, siendo sintetizado este dualismo por la finalidad de proteger y recuperar los comunes.
Por último, en el ámbito estético los datos arrojan la experiencia hedónica percibida en la recolección situada en la unidad paisajística del pajonal, en el que se evidenció excitación en cuatro sentidos corporales y tres sentidos suprasensoriales, demostrando el particular disfrute estético del campesinado lebulense sobre la naturaleza.
Todas estas evidencias demuestran la importancia de la sabiduría local como material ideológico que guía a campesinos e indígenas en el manejo sostenible del medio ambiente.
This thesis is part of the research on traditional knowledge systems, studying the components of the local wisdom system applied to peasant harvesting of forest and coastal commons in the commune of Lebu. The purposive sample of the observation unit consisted of five peasant harvesting organizations participating in the ANID-funded Coastal Commons research project. The predominant source was secondary data produced by the project using participatory research tools employed between July 2022 and October 2022. Qualitative data were processed using thematic analysis using abductive coding in the ATLAS.TI software. The evidence showed in the praxeological field of wisdom that the Lebulense peasants identify the unsustainable techniques applied by the free-rider gatherers, who are locally distinguished in the coastal area as “people of the town”, and in the forest area as “chanta” gatherers. In the ontological sphere of local wisdom, the result of the dual representation of the essence of the peasant gatherer when appropriating his environment stands out: on the one hand, they would be innate “invaders” of the commons, on the other, “guardians” of nature, this dualism being synthesized by the purpose of protecting and recovering the commons. Finally, in the aesthetic field, the data reveal the perceived hedonistic experience of the harvest located in the pajonal (grassland) landscape unit, where excitement was evident in four bodily senses and three suprasensory senses, demonstrating the particular aesthetic enjoyment of nature by the Lebulense peasantry. All this evidence demonstrates the importance of local wisdom as an ideological resource that guides peasants and indigenous peoples in sustainable environmental management.
This thesis is part of the research on traditional knowledge systems, studying the components of the local wisdom system applied to peasant harvesting of forest and coastal commons in the commune of Lebu. The purposive sample of the observation unit consisted of five peasant harvesting organizations participating in the ANID-funded Coastal Commons research project. The predominant source was secondary data produced by the project using participatory research tools employed between July 2022 and October 2022. Qualitative data were processed using thematic analysis using abductive coding in the ATLAS.TI software. The evidence showed in the praxeological field of wisdom that the Lebulense peasants identify the unsustainable techniques applied by the free-rider gatherers, who are locally distinguished in the coastal area as “people of the town”, and in the forest area as “chanta” gatherers. In the ontological sphere of local wisdom, the result of the dual representation of the essence of the peasant gatherer when appropriating his environment stands out: on the one hand, they would be innate “invaders” of the commons, on the other, “guardians” of nature, this dualism being synthesized by the purpose of protecting and recovering the commons. Finally, in the aesthetic field, the data reveal the perceived hedonistic experience of the harvest located in the pajonal (grassland) landscape unit, where excitement was evident in four bodily senses and three suprasensory senses, demonstrating the particular aesthetic enjoyment of nature by the Lebulense peasantry. All this evidence demonstrates the importance of local wisdom as an ideological resource that guides peasants and indigenous peoples in sustainable environmental management.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Sociólogo.
Keywords
Experiencia, Cognición y cultura, Condiciones rurales