Aislamiento y selección de hongos en suelo capaces de biorremediar fungicidas sintéticos
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La intensificación del uso de fungicidas sintéticos en la agricultura ha generado preocupaciones sobre su persistencia, toxicidad y acumulación en suelos. Frente a esto, la biorremediación mediante hongos filamentosos surge como una alternativa viable para la recuperación ambiental. En este estudio, se aislaron 15 cepas de hongos provenientes de suelos agrícolas previamente tratados con Cantus® (Boscalid) y Rovral® (Iprodiona). Las cepas fueron evaluadas en condiciones de laboratorio frente a distintas concentraciones de ambos fungicidas (200, 500, 1000 y 2000 μg), seleccionando aquellas con menor inhibición en su crecimiento radial. La cepa M15, identificada morfológicamente como perteneciente al género Rhizopus, mostró una alta tolerancia a Cantus® incluso a 2000 μg, alcanzando el borde de la placa en 21 días y presentando la mayor tasa de crecimiento específica (μ). Finalmente, esta cepa fue cultivada en medio líquido con Cantus® para evaluar su crecimiento de biomasa, evidenciando una mayor acumulación que el control y una adaptación significativa al fungicida. Los resultados posicionan a Rhizopus sp. M15 como un potencial agente biorremediador de suelos contaminados con fungicidas sintéticos.
The intensive use of synthetic fungicides in agriculture has raised concerns regarding their persistence, toxicity, and accumulation in soils. In response, bioremediation using filamentous fungi emerges as a viable and sustainable strategy for environmental recovery. In this study, 15 fungal strains were isolated from agricultural soils previously treated with Cantus® (boscalid) and Rovral® (iprodione). The strains were evaluated under laboratory conditions against different concentrations of both fungicides (200, 500, 1000, and 2000 μg), selecting those with the lowest radial growth inhibition. Strain M15, morphologically identified as belonging to the genus Rhizopus, showed high tolerance to Cantus®, even at 2000 μg, reaching the edge of the Petri dish within 21 days and exhibiting the highest specific growth rate (μ). Finally, this strain was cultured in liquid medium with Cantus® to evaluate its biomass development, showing greater accumulation compared to the control and significant adaptation to the fungicide. These results suggest that Rhizopus sp. M15 is a promising candidate for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with synthetic fungicides.
The intensive use of synthetic fungicides in agriculture has raised concerns regarding their persistence, toxicity, and accumulation in soils. In response, bioremediation using filamentous fungi emerges as a viable and sustainable strategy for environmental recovery. In this study, 15 fungal strains were isolated from agricultural soils previously treated with Cantus® (boscalid) and Rovral® (iprodione). The strains were evaluated under laboratory conditions against different concentrations of both fungicides (200, 500, 1000, and 2000 μg), selecting those with the lowest radial growth inhibition. Strain M15, morphologically identified as belonging to the genus Rhizopus, showed high tolerance to Cantus®, even at 2000 μg, reaching the edge of the Petri dish within 21 days and exhibiting the highest specific growth rate (μ). Finally, this strain was cultured in liquid medium with Cantus® to evaluate its biomass development, showing greater accumulation compared to the control and significant adaptation to the fungicide. These results suggest that Rhizopus sp. M15 is a promising candidate for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with synthetic fungicides.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Biorremediación, Fungicidas, Hongos filamentosos, Contaminación del suelo