Desarrollo de una herramienta demodelamiento para optimizar el plan de preparación minera en MCHS.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estudio presenta una herramienta integrada para apoyar la planificación minera, desde el área de preparación minera en la mina Chuquicamata Subterránea, pensada para transformar el diseño en un plan ejecutable y trazable. La solución se organiza en tres piezas que trabajan juntas: (i) un agendamiento tipo RCPSP que ordena las labores de preparación según sus duraciones, precedencias y límites de capacidad, y con ello arma un plan base factible; (ii) un simulador operativo por turnos que baja ese plan a la realidad del interior mina, incorporando ventanas de ventilación y tronadura, compatibilidades entre labores y traslados de equipos entre niveles, además de la variabilidad de tiempos; y (iii) un referente de alcance máximo construido desde la lógica de las tronaduras y rendimientos típicos, que sirve como cota práctica para dimensionar la carga mensual y contrastar lo planificado. Con este conjunto, la planificación de preparación queda ordenada y verificable, y sus resultados se pueden usar directamente en terreno.
La herramienta se apoya en una interfaz gráfica que centraliza parámetros (frentes, recursos, calendarios y reglas), valida consistencia mínima y produce salidas estandarizadas: plan de avance mensual, programación por turnos, reportes con trazabilidad de asignaciones y exportaciones espaciales (DXF/GLB). El caso de estudio se acota a macrobloques y horizonte de corto plazo con mayor incidencia operacional. La evaluación compara planes generados con planes existentes y ejecución real a través de métricas simples y trazables, identificando desalineaciones, cuellos de capacidad y holguras temporales antes de su ocurrencia en terreno.
En la práctica, la herramienta permitió dejar atrás planillas sueltas y trabajar con un plan único, trazable y fácil de revisar. El Plan de Actividades Mensual propuesto (PAM propuesto) fue más certero frente a lo que ocurrió en terreno: presentó desvíos menores respecto del avance real, anticipó cuellos de capacidad y ordenó mejor la asignación por turnos. Pensando en su adopción, la plataforma reúne a ingeniería y operación sobre la misma base de información (PAM, turnos y DXF/GLB), con visibilidad compartida y margen para acordar ajustes antes de que aparezcan los problemas. Además, el modelo mostró una desviación promedio cercana al 7,8% (versus ~14,3% del PAM SGP), y abril fue el mes de mejor ajuste, con una brecha prácticamente nula (≈1 m) respecto del avance real. Con esta base, el enfoque puede replicarse y escalarse a otros sectores de la mina sin cambiar la forma de trabajar.
The study presents an integrated tool to support mine planning from the mine preparation area at the Chuquicamata Underground Mine, designed to turn design into an executable and traceable plan. The solution is organized into three components that work together: (i) an RCPSP-type scheduler that orders preparation tasks by duration, precedence, and capacity limits, thereby building a feasible baseline plan; (ii) a shift-based operational simulator that brings that plan down to underground reality, incorporating ventilation and blasting windows, task compatibilities, and equipment transfers between levels, as well as time variability; and (iii) a maximum-throughput reference built from blasting logic and typical productivities, which serves as a practical upper bound to size the monthly workload and benchmark the plan. Taken together, preparation planning becomes orderly and verifiable, and the results can be used directly in the field. The tool is supported by a graphical interface that centralizes parameters (work fronts, resources, calendars, and rules), checks basic consistency, and produces standardized outputs: monthly advance plan, shift scheduling, traceable assignment reports, and spatial exports (DXF/GLB). The case study is limited to macro-blocks and a short-term horizon with the greatest operational impact. The evaluation compares model-generated plans with existing plans and actual execution using simple, traceable metrics, identifying misalignments, capacity bottlenecks, and temporary slack before they occur in the field. In practice, the tool made it possible to move away from scattered spreadsheets and work with a single, traceable, easy-to-review plan. The proposed Monthly Work Plan (PAM) was closer to the executed plan: it showed smaller deviations from actual advance, anticipated capacity bottlenecks, and improved shift-level assignment. The platform brings engineering and operations onto the same information base (PAM, shift schedules, and DXF/GLB), with shared visibility and room to agree on adjustments before problems arise. In addition, the model showed an average deviation of about 7.8% (versus ~14.3% for the SGP PAM), and April was the best-fitting month, with a virtually negligible gap (≈1 m) relative to actual advance. On this basis, the approach can be replicated and scaled to other areas of the mine without changing the current workflows.
The study presents an integrated tool to support mine planning from the mine preparation area at the Chuquicamata Underground Mine, designed to turn design into an executable and traceable plan. The solution is organized into three components that work together: (i) an RCPSP-type scheduler that orders preparation tasks by duration, precedence, and capacity limits, thereby building a feasible baseline plan; (ii) a shift-based operational simulator that brings that plan down to underground reality, incorporating ventilation and blasting windows, task compatibilities, and equipment transfers between levels, as well as time variability; and (iii) a maximum-throughput reference built from blasting logic and typical productivities, which serves as a practical upper bound to size the monthly workload and benchmark the plan. Taken together, preparation planning becomes orderly and verifiable, and the results can be used directly in the field. The tool is supported by a graphical interface that centralizes parameters (work fronts, resources, calendars, and rules), checks basic consistency, and produces standardized outputs: monthly advance plan, shift scheduling, traceable assignment reports, and spatial exports (DXF/GLB). The case study is limited to macro-blocks and a short-term horizon with the greatest operational impact. The evaluation compares model-generated plans with existing plans and actual execution using simple, traceable metrics, identifying misalignments, capacity bottlenecks, and temporary slack before they occur in the field. In practice, the tool made it possible to move away from scattered spreadsheets and work with a single, traceable, easy-to-review plan. The proposed Monthly Work Plan (PAM) was closer to the executed plan: it showed smaller deviations from actual advance, anticipated capacity bottlenecks, and improved shift-level assignment. The platform brings engineering and operations onto the same information base (PAM, shift schedules, and DXF/GLB), with shared visibility and room to agree on adjustments before problems arise. In addition, the model showed an average deviation of about 7.8% (versus ~14.3% for the SGP PAM), and April was the best-fitting month, with a virtually negligible gap (≈1 m) relative to actual advance. On this basis, the approach can be replicated and scaled to other areas of the mine without changing the current workflows.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil de Minas.
Keywords
Minería subterránea, Minerales Chile, Minas Chile