Generación de estructuras a partir de dominios optimizados topológicamente utilizando técnicas de diseño asistido por ordenador.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La optimización topológica (OT) se erige como un método esencial para definir distribuciones eficientes de material en dominios específicos. No obstante, las topologías resultantes suelen presentar bordes irregulares y poco aptos para aplicaciones industriales. En este contexto, esta investigación va más allá al no solo abordar el suavizado de bordes, sino también al aterrizaje de los resultados en la práctica nacional. Se logró la generación de geometrías optimizadas topológicamente con bordes suavizados y adaptados a la construcción real, incorporando bordes lineales, splines y circulares mediante la utilización de distintos tipos de materiales y una interfaz adaptada para la correcta puesta en marcha de innumerables tipologías estructurales. El enfoque de esta investigación se amplía aún más al introducir una reconstrucción de imágenes ráster derivadas de los resultados topológicos dados por la estrategia de optimización soft kill BESO mediante un proceso de esqueletización y operaciones basadas en regresión y segmentación de ramas. Este tratamiento transforma las geometrías generadas en elementos finitos tipo frames, listos para ser utilizados en otros softwares comerciales de análisis estructural. Así, la metodología desarrollada permite una transición efectiva desde la optimización topológica hasta la aplicación práctica en el diseño y análisis de estructuras. La validación de esta metodología se realizó a través de dos casos de análisis: una viga larga en voladizo con carga puntual en el extremo libre, una viga simplemente apoyada con carga puntual en el centro. Estos casos demostraron la viabilidad y eficacia de la rutina desarrollada, produciendo geometrías con bordes suavizados y adaptados, listas para ser utilizadas en aplicaciones estructurales. De esta manera, se contribuye al campo del diseño y optimización estructural, proporcionando herramientas avanzadas para la generación de estructuras eficientes y prácticas en la industria actual.
Topological optimization (TO) stands as an essential method for defining efficient material distributions within specific domains. However, the resulting topologies often exhibit irregular edges, making them unsuitable for industrial applications. In this context, this research goes beyond merely addressing edge smoothing by applying the results to practical, real-world scenarios. It achieved the generation of topologically optimized geometries with smooth edges, adapted to real construction by incorporating linear, spline, and circular edges using various materials and an interface tailored for the correct implementation of numerous structural typologies. The focus of this research is further expanded by introducing a reconstruction of raster images derived from topological results given by the soft kill BESO optimization strategy. This involves a skeletonization process and operations based on branch regression and segmentation. This treatment transforms the generated geometries into frame-type finite elements, ready to be used in other commercial structural analysis software. Thus, the developed methodology enables an effective transition from topological optimization to practical application in the design and analysis of structures. The validation of this methodology was carried out through two case analyses: a long cantilever beam with a point load at the free end, a simply supported beam with a central point load. These cases demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed routine, producing geometries with smooth, adapted edges, ready for use in structural applications. In this way, this research contributes to the field of structural design and optimization, providing advanced tools for generating efficient and practical structures in the current industry.
Topological optimization (TO) stands as an essential method for defining efficient material distributions within specific domains. However, the resulting topologies often exhibit irregular edges, making them unsuitable for industrial applications. In this context, this research goes beyond merely addressing edge smoothing by applying the results to practical, real-world scenarios. It achieved the generation of topologically optimized geometries with smooth edges, adapted to real construction by incorporating linear, spline, and circular edges using various materials and an interface tailored for the correct implementation of numerous structural typologies. The focus of this research is further expanded by introducing a reconstruction of raster images derived from topological results given by the soft kill BESO optimization strategy. This involves a skeletonization process and operations based on branch regression and segmentation. This treatment transforms the generated geometries into frame-type finite elements, ready to be used in other commercial structural analysis software. Thus, the developed methodology enables an effective transition from topological optimization to practical application in the design and analysis of structures. The validation of this methodology was carried out through two case analyses: a long cantilever beam with a point load at the free end, a simply supported beam with a central point load. These cases demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed routine, producing geometries with smooth, adapted edges, ready for use in structural applications. In this way, this research contributes to the field of structural design and optimization, providing advanced tools for generating efficient and practical structures in the current industry.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil.
Keywords
CAD/CAM (Sistemas de integración de diseño y fabricación), Ingeniería estructural, Prototipos (ingeniería)