Ether-fp: Exploring the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Activity and Radio Emission Mechanisms in Active Galactic Nuclei.
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las recientes mejoras en la resolución y sensibilidad de la interferometría de línea de base muy larga (VLBI) milimétrica (mm) han permitido obtener imágenes de las regiones internas de los agujeros negros supermasivos (SMBH), marcando una nueva era en la investigación teórica y observacional de los núcleos galácticos activos (AGN). Debido a esto se consolidó la muestra Event Horizon and Environs (ETHER), convirtiendose en el catálogo más grande de AGN. Si bien muchas fuentes de ETHER aún no se han explorado lo suficiente, las técnicas de ajuste de modelos de distribución de energía espectral (SED) y las relaciones empíricas pueden ayudar a proporcionar la información necesaria para limitar las perspectivas de observabilidad con el Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) y el Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA). En este contexto, nuestro objetivo es mejorar ETHER incorporando nuevos datos de la literatura y aprovechar sus grandes estadísticas para revisar el Plano Fundamental (FP) de la actividad de los agujeros negros en múltiples frecuencias de radio y submuestras. Este esfuerzo busca profundizar nuestra comprensión de los mecanismos físicos que gobiernan la emisión de ondas de radio en diversos escenarios y guiar el uso de modelos de flujo de acreción dominado por advección (ADAF) o en combinación con chorros para predicciones de flujo en longitudes de onda de centímetros a sub-mm. Enriquecemos ETHER con datos de fotometría de rayos X duros y radio multifrecuencia obtenidos de los catálogos CSC, eRASS1, VLASS y FIRST, complementados con información adicional obtenida a través de consultas automatizadas a SDSS, SIMBAD y NED. Utilizando modelos de regresión lineal de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y técnicas numéricas de minimización de la funcion mérito, calculamos coeficientes de correlación de mejor ajuste y derivamos nuevas correlaciones de radio/rayos X y FP en varias frecuencias de radio, tipos de AGN, desplazamientos al rojo, morfologías de galaxias, proporciones de Eddington y valores de sonoridad de radio. Adicionalmente, desarrollamos y empleamos un algoritmo de ajuste de SED que involucra modelos fenomenológicos de chorro y/o emisiones ADAF térmicas semianalíticas. Nuestro análisis nos permitió confirmar la existencia del FP en todas las frecuencias de radio probadas, validar aún más su uso como estimador de masa a distancias mayores, fomentar su uso por sobre la correlación de radio/rayos X debido a la dispersión reducida, entender por qué sesgos en la muestra conducen a diversos FP, y encontrar evidencia de evolución a través del corrimiento al rojo y la longitud de onda del mecanismo de emisión de radio dominante. Los ajuste de SED generalmente favorecieron el uso de modelos combinados de chorro y acreción en lugar de simulaciones solo con ADAF para estimaciones de f lujo. En última instancia, los hallazgos y sistemas desarrollados en esta tesis han mejorado y mejorarán significativamente nuestra comprensión de la evolución de SMBH en todo el universo y definirán la muestra ETHER "Oro" para estudios con el EHT y GMVA.
Recent improvements in millimeter (mm) very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) resolution and sensitivity have enabled the imaging of the innermost regions of supermassive black holes (SMBH), marking a new era in theoretical and observational research of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Motivated by these advancements, the Event Horizon and Environs (ETHER) sample has been created, and has grown into the largest catalog of SMBH to date. While many ETHER sources remain insufficiently explored, spectral energy distribution (SED) model fitting techniques, and empirical relations, can help provide necessary information to constrain observability prospects with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA). In this context, we aim to enhance ETHER by incorporating new data from the literature and databases, and leverage its large statistics to revisit the Fundamental Plane (FP) of black hole activity in multiple radio frequencies and subsamples. This effort seeks to deepen our understanding of the physical mechanisms governing radio-wave and hard X-ray emission from SMBH in various scenarios, and guide the usage of advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) or combined accretion-jet SED models for flux predictions at centimeter to sub-mm wavelengths. Weenrich ETHER with multi-frequency radio and hard X-ray photometry sourced from large catalogs (e.g., CSC, eRASS1, VLASS, and FIRST catalogues), supplemented with information obtained through automated queries to SDSS, SIMBAD, and NED. Using ordinary least squares linear regression models and numerical merit function minimization techniques, we calculate best-fit correlation coefficients and derive new radio/X-ray correlations and FPs across radio frequencies, AGN types, redshifts, galaxy morphologies, Eddington ratios, and radio-loudness values. Additionally, we develop and employ an SEDfitting algorithm involving phenomenological jet and/or semianalytical thermal ADAF emission models. Our analysis enabled us to confirm the existence of the FP across all radio frequencies tested, further validate its use as mass estimator at larger distances, encourage its use over the radio/X-ray correlation due to reduced scatter, understand why sample bias leads to diverse FPs, and find evidence of evolution across redshift and radio wavelength of the dominant radio emission mechanism. SED model fitting results generally favored the use of combined accretion-jet models over ADAF-only models for flux estimations. Ultimately, the findings and systems developed in this thesis have, and will, significantly improve our understanding of SMBH evolution across the universe, and define the “Gold” ETHER sample for EHT and GMVA studies.
Recent improvements in millimeter (mm) very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) resolution and sensitivity have enabled the imaging of the innermost regions of supermassive black holes (SMBH), marking a new era in theoretical and observational research of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Motivated by these advancements, the Event Horizon and Environs (ETHER) sample has been created, and has grown into the largest catalog of SMBH to date. While many ETHER sources remain insufficiently explored, spectral energy distribution (SED) model fitting techniques, and empirical relations, can help provide necessary information to constrain observability prospects with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA). In this context, we aim to enhance ETHER by incorporating new data from the literature and databases, and leverage its large statistics to revisit the Fundamental Plane (FP) of black hole activity in multiple radio frequencies and subsamples. This effort seeks to deepen our understanding of the physical mechanisms governing radio-wave and hard X-ray emission from SMBH in various scenarios, and guide the usage of advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) or combined accretion-jet SED models for flux predictions at centimeter to sub-mm wavelengths. Weenrich ETHER with multi-frequency radio and hard X-ray photometry sourced from large catalogs (e.g., CSC, eRASS1, VLASS, and FIRST catalogues), supplemented with information obtained through automated queries to SDSS, SIMBAD, and NED. Using ordinary least squares linear regression models and numerical merit function minimization techniques, we calculate best-fit correlation coefficients and derive new radio/X-ray correlations and FPs across radio frequencies, AGN types, redshifts, galaxy morphologies, Eddington ratios, and radio-loudness values. Additionally, we develop and employ an SEDfitting algorithm involving phenomenological jet and/or semianalytical thermal ADAF emission models. Our analysis enabled us to confirm the existence of the FP across all radio frequencies tested, further validate its use as mass estimator at larger distances, encourage its use over the radio/X-ray correlation due to reduced scatter, understand why sample bias leads to diverse FPs, and find evidence of evolution across redshift and radio wavelength of the dominant radio emission mechanism. SED model fitting results generally favored the use of combined accretion-jet models over ADAF-only models for flux estimations. Ultimately, the findings and systems developed in this thesis have, and will, significantly improve our understanding of SMBH evolution across the universe, and define the “Gold” ETHER sample for EHT and GMVA studies.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado académico de Magíster en Astronomía
Keywords
Astrofísica, Hoyos negros (Astronomía), Espectroscopía astronómica