Variación interanual del grado de contaminación por metales pesados en sedimentos superficiales del Golfo de Arauco, Chile.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los sedimentos marinos actúan como sumideros de metales pesados y contaminantes provenientes de diversas fuentes, por procesos naturales y antrópicos en la zona costera. Por lo tanto, en el presente estudio se analizan las concentraciones de metales pesados Cadmio (Cd), Hierro (Fe), Zinc (Zn) y Cobre (Cu) en sedimentos superficiales del Golfo de Arauco desde el año 2015 hasta el año 2022 a partir de una base datos de un programa de vigilancia ambiental del Sistema Nacional de Información de Fiscalización Ambiental (SNIFA), para definir el contenido de metales pesados interanual, cuya variación fue: Cd 0,064-0,15 µg/g; Cu 12,55-7,09 µg/g; Fe 29883-15247 µg/g; Zn 39,50-30,62 µg/g y Aluminio (Al) 78791-18107 µg/g; utilizados para evaluar el grado de contaminación en los sedimentos mediante los Índice de Geoacumulación (Igeo), el Índice de Carga Contaminante (PLI) y el Índice de Factor de Enriquecimiento (FE), los cuales no presentaron contaminación para los metales seleccionados a excepción del hierro en el FE que indicó un enriquecimiento moderado. Los resultados obtenidos revelan una variabilidad interanual, determinada con el análisis estadístico de Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) y el test Mann Kendall en los índices de contaminación para los metales seleccionados, que indica una tendencia y una mayor relación en los niveles de Cd y Cu a lo largo del tiempo, demostrando la utilidad de los índices de contaminación en la evaluación de la calidad ambiental y su relación con la actividad industrial y humana en el Golfo de Arauco.
Marine sediments act as sinks for heavy metals and pollutants from various sources, due to natural and anthropogenic processes in the coastal zone. Therefore, in the present study, the concentrations of heavy metals cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in surface sediments of the Gulf of Arauco are analyzed from 2015 to 2022 from a database of an environmental monitoring program of the National Environmental Control Information System (SNIFA), to evaluate the interannual content of heavy metals, whose variation was: Cd 0.064-0.15 µg/g; Cu 12.55-7.09 µg/g; Fe 29883-15247 µg/g; Zn 39.50 30.62 µg/g and Aluminum (Al) 78791-18107 µg/g; used to evaluate the degree of contamination in the sediments through the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), the Pollutant Load Index (PLI) and the Enrichment Factor Index (EF), which did not present contamination for the selected metals except for iron in the FE which indicated a moderate enrichment. The results obtained reveal an interannual variability, determined with the statistical analysis of Principal Component Analysis (PAC) and the Mann Kendall test in the contamination indices for the selected metals, which indicates a trend and a greater relationship in the levels of Cd and Cu over time, demonstrating the usefulness of contamination indices in the evaluation of environmental quality and its relationship with industrial and human activity in the Gulf of Arauco.
Marine sediments act as sinks for heavy metals and pollutants from various sources, due to natural and anthropogenic processes in the coastal zone. Therefore, in the present study, the concentrations of heavy metals cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in surface sediments of the Gulf of Arauco are analyzed from 2015 to 2022 from a database of an environmental monitoring program of the National Environmental Control Information System (SNIFA), to evaluate the interannual content of heavy metals, whose variation was: Cd 0.064-0.15 µg/g; Cu 12.55-7.09 µg/g; Fe 29883-15247 µg/g; Zn 39.50 30.62 µg/g and Aluminum (Al) 78791-18107 µg/g; used to evaluate the degree of contamination in the sediments through the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), the Pollutant Load Index (PLI) and the Enrichment Factor Index (EF), which did not present contamination for the selected metals except for iron in the FE which indicated a moderate enrichment. The results obtained reveal an interannual variability, determined with the statistical analysis of Principal Component Analysis (PAC) and the Mann Kendall test in the contamination indices for the selected metals, which indicates a trend and a greater relationship in the levels of Cd and Cu over time, demonstrating the usefulness of contamination indices in the evaluation of environmental quality and its relationship with industrial and human activity in the Gulf of Arauco.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Biólogo/a Marino/a.
Keywords
Metales pesados, Sedimentos marinos, Golfo de Arauco (Chile)