Uso de agua y fertilización en paltos bajo riego por micro-jet
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Date
2005
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estudio se realizó en el Valle de Peumo, Fundo los Molinos, Sexta Región, durante la temporada agrícola 2003-2004, en un huerto de paltos de 5 años, variedad Hass, en el marco del proyecto Fondef D02I-1146.
El objetivo general del estudio fue evaluar el efecto en la producción y calidad del fruto de cuatro niveles de aplicación de agua correspondiente a un 40%, 60%, 80% y 100% del volumen de agua requerido por la planta (Vr), y dos dosis de fertilización: normal (FN) y extra (FE). En el estudio se empleó un diseño experimental de parcelas divididas con asignación en bloque completo aleatorio para dos dosis de fertilizante y cuatro niveles de reposición de agua, con cuatro repeticiones cada uno. Además, se evaluó el efecto de la localización del emisor a diferentes distancias desde el tronco del árbol (40, 60 y 100 cm.) y se realizó un análisis básico de lixiviación de nitrógeno. En ambos ensayos el contenido de humedad del suelo se determinó a profundidades de 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, y 100 cm.
La concentración de nitrógeno (N) en el suelo se determinó con tasas lisimétricas en el tratamiento de fertilización normal (FN) y extra (FE) para un nivel de aplicación del 100 % del volumen de agua requerido por la planta.
Los resultados muestran que no hubo diferencias significativas en producción, para los diferentes niveles de aplicación de agua, fertilizante y localización de los emisores y tampoco existió interacción entre los niveles de fertilización y porcentaje de aplicación de agua.
The study was carried out in the farm Los Molinos, Peumo Valley, Sixth Region of Chile. This study was focused in a 5 years avocado orchard. The general objective of the study was to evaluate the effect in the production and quality of the fruit, of four levels of water application of 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 % of the volume of water required by the plant (Vr), and two doses of fertilization, normal (FN) and extra (FE). Moreover the effect of the location of the emitter at different distances from the trunk of the tree (40, 60 and 100 cm) was evaluatel and a basic analysis of lixiviación of nitrogen was realized. In the study there was used an experimental design of split plots with assignment in complete random block for two doses of fertilizer and levels of water applicatión, with 4 replicationes each one. In both essays the water content () of the soil was determined for depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 100 cm. Lysimeter cups were in two treatments of the essay, those who correspond to normal fertilization (FN) and extra (FE) for a level of application of 100 % of water needed by the plant. The results show that there is no significant difference in production, for the different levels of water application, fertilizer and location, neither interaction exists in the levels of fertilization and percentage of water application. In general a preliminary anals shos nitrates leaching principally after the end of the irrigation season, product of the storage of nitrates under the root zone and winter rainfalls.
The study was carried out in the farm Los Molinos, Peumo Valley, Sixth Region of Chile. This study was focused in a 5 years avocado orchard. The general objective of the study was to evaluate the effect in the production and quality of the fruit, of four levels of water application of 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 % of the volume of water required by the plant (Vr), and two doses of fertilization, normal (FN) and extra (FE). Moreover the effect of the location of the emitter at different distances from the trunk of the tree (40, 60 and 100 cm) was evaluatel and a basic analysis of lixiviación of nitrogen was realized. In the study there was used an experimental design of split plots with assignment in complete random block for two doses of fertilizer and levels of water applicatión, with 4 replicationes each one. In both essays the water content () of the soil was determined for depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 100 cm. Lysimeter cups were in two treatments of the essay, those who correspond to normal fertilization (FN) and extra (FE) for a level of application of 100 % of water needed by the plant. The results show that there is no significant difference in production, for the different levels of water application, fertilizer and location, neither interaction exists in the levels of fertilization and percentage of water application. In general a preliminary anals shos nitrates leaching principally after the end of the irrigation season, product of the storage of nitrates under the root zone and winter rainfalls.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Palto - Riego, Lixiviación, Fertilización en plantas, Agricultura de precisión