Análisis de manejo de agua en invernaderos: estudio sector Los Aromos, Comuna de San Nicolás, VIII Región, Chile
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Date
2004
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El presente estudio se realizó en el sector Los Aromos, perteneciente a la comuna de San Nicolás, en donde se analizó y evaluó la aplicación de agua y fertilizante en invernaderos de tipo familiar, los cuales obtuvieron fondos a través de un proyecto FOSIS (Fondo de Solidaridad e Inversión Social) y apoyados por PRODESAL (Programa de desarrollo rural). Este fondo financió el proyecto de tecnificación del regadío en tomates (Licopersicon esculentum Mill.) bajo invernaderos. Para evaluar el funcionamiento y manejo del sistema de riego por goteo, se realizaron entrevistas personales a cada productor, y se determinó las características físico-hídricas del suelo, los componentes químicos del suelo, la uniformidad y calidad del agua de riego. Estos suelos presentaban texturas francas a franco arenosas, con presencia de gravas, y con adecuadas propiedades químicas para el cultivo del tomate. El agua de riego presentó problemas por abundancia de nitratos, lo cual puede derivar en una posible contaminación a largo plazo. En general, se pudo concluir que existen deficiencias en la instalación de los sistemas de riego, en especial de los componentes para realizar fertirrigación. La aplicación de agua fue adecuada, pero se manifestaron problemas en la mantención de los goteros, como así también del sistema en general, lo que se atribuye a una reducida asesoría técnica con que cuentan los productores.
Con respecto al financiamiento de los sistemas de riego tecnificado, estos deben ser apoyados por alguna entidad para cubrir parte o la totalidad de la alta inversión inicial, la que muchas veces, no puede ser costeados por los propios agricultores.
An irrigation study in a familiar type of Greenhouse was carried out at the area The Aromos, in San Nicolas Country-Chile. The financial support to implement the greenhouses and irrigation system were obtained from FOSIS (Social Investment Fund) and PRODESAL (Rural Development Program). In order to evaluate the management and operation of the drip irrigation system in the greenhouse with a tomatoes crop (Licopersicon esculentum Mill.) were determined the soil physics characteristic, the soil chemical component, the quality of the water for irrigation, timer of irrigation and emitter discharge. In addition a survey with a personal interview to each producer was made. The soils show in general a sandy loam texture without chemical problem to growth tomatoes. However, the quality of the irrigation water may create certain problem in a long term horizon due to a large amount of nitrate concentration. In general, it was possible to be concluded that severe installation problems were detected, especially in the fertigation equipment. The water application were in a adequate level, however the maintenance of emitters and the irrigation system were poor due to a insufficient technical assistance from the support agencies. For the above reasons to establish greenhouses in small farmers with a low level of education the economical and technical assistance must be done from a confident agency.
An irrigation study in a familiar type of Greenhouse was carried out at the area The Aromos, in San Nicolas Country-Chile. The financial support to implement the greenhouses and irrigation system were obtained from FOSIS (Social Investment Fund) and PRODESAL (Rural Development Program). In order to evaluate the management and operation of the drip irrigation system in the greenhouse with a tomatoes crop (Licopersicon esculentum Mill.) were determined the soil physics characteristic, the soil chemical component, the quality of the water for irrigation, timer of irrigation and emitter discharge. In addition a survey with a personal interview to each producer was made. The soils show in general a sandy loam texture without chemical problem to growth tomatoes. However, the quality of the irrigation water may create certain problem in a long term horizon due to a large amount of nitrate concentration. In general, it was possible to be concluded that severe installation problems were detected, especially in the fertigation equipment. The water application were in a adequate level, however the maintenance of emitters and the irrigation system were poor due to a insufficient technical assistance from the support agencies. For the above reasons to establish greenhouses in small farmers with a low level of education the economical and technical assistance must be done from a confident agency.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego por goteo, Fertirrigación, Tomates