Manejo y operación de sistema de microrriego en cerezos con suelos de alta pedregosidad
Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Este estudio evaluó el manejo y operación de sistemas de microrriego en cerezos sobre suelos con alta pedregosidad, analizando su efecto en la retención de agua, el área humedecida y la producción. La investigación se realizó durante la temporada 2024-25 en el predio San Ramón (SOLAGRI), Curicó, Región del Maule, considerando dos sitios: microaspersión (TMA) en la variedad Lapins, con emisores ubicados a 10, 20, 30 y 40 cm desde el suelo (TMA10, TMA20, TMA30 y TMA40) y goteo (TG) en la variedad Santina, con 2, 3 y 4 laterales por hilera (TG2, TG3 y TG4). Se caracterizaron las propiedades físico-hídricas del suelo y el porcentaje de pedregosidad mediante el principio de Arquímedes. La evapotranspiración de referencia (ETr) se estimó mediante Penman–Monteith y Hargreaves-Samani. Para el monitoreo, se instalaron sensores de humedad y se realizaron vuelos con dron multiespectral para evaluar el vigor. Los resultados mostraron altos porcentajes de pedregosidad (P > 40%) lo que redujo hasta un 65% la capacidad de retención de agua, aumentando la frecuencia de riego. En TMA, las alturas TMA20 y TMA30 presentaron mayor uniformidad de humedad del suelo, y los mejores rendimientos (32 t ha⁻¹). En goteo, TG3 mostró el mejor equilibrio hídrico y productivo, con rendimientos promedio de 7,5 t ha⁻¹, sin diferencias con TG4. El análisis multiespectral evidenció una relación directa entre el contenido de agua en el suelo y el vigor del cultivo, destacando los tratamientos TMA20 y TMA30 para valores mayores de NDVI y SAVI (37,5% en ambos casos). Finalmente, se concluye que incorporar la pedregosidad en el cálculo de la capacidad de retención y en la programación del riego, optimiza el uso del agua, mejora la productividad y reduce pérdidas por percolación.
This study evaluated the management and operation of micro-irrigation systems in cherry trees established on soils with a high stoniness content, assessing their effect on water retention, wetted area, and yield. The research was conducted during the 2024-25 season at San Ramón farm of SOLAGRI Company, Curicó, Maule Region, considering two sites: micro-sprinkler irrigation (TMA) in the Lapins variety with emitters at 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm heights (TMA10, TMA20, TMA30, and TMA40), and drip irrigation (TG) in the Santina variety with 2, 3, and 4 laterals per row (TG2, TG3 and TG4). The soil’s physical and hydraulic properties and stoniness percentage were characterized using the Archimedes principle. Reference evapotranspiration (ETr) was estimated using the Penman–Monteith and Hargreaves–Samani models. Soil moisture sensors were installed at different depths, and multispectral drone flights were performed to assess canopy vigor. Results showed that high stoniness levels (p > 40%) reduced soil water retention capacity by up to 65%, increasing irrigation frequency. In the TMA site, the TMA20 and TMA30 exhibited greater wetting uniformity and the highest yields (32 t ha⁻¹). In drip irrigation, TG3 showed the best hydric and productive balance, with average yields of 7.5 t ha⁻¹ and no differences compared to TG4. multispectral analysis revealed a direct relationship between soil water content and crop vigor, highlighting TMA20 and TMA30 for their higher NDVI (37,5%) and SAVI values (37,5%) in both cases. It is concluded that stoniness should be incorporated into the calculation of soil water retention capacity and irrigation scheduling, as it optimizes water use, increase productivity, and reduces percolation losses.
This study evaluated the management and operation of micro-irrigation systems in cherry trees established on soils with a high stoniness content, assessing their effect on water retention, wetted area, and yield. The research was conducted during the 2024-25 season at San Ramón farm of SOLAGRI Company, Curicó, Maule Region, considering two sites: micro-sprinkler irrigation (TMA) in the Lapins variety with emitters at 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm heights (TMA10, TMA20, TMA30, and TMA40), and drip irrigation (TG) in the Santina variety with 2, 3, and 4 laterals per row (TG2, TG3 and TG4). The soil’s physical and hydraulic properties and stoniness percentage were characterized using the Archimedes principle. Reference evapotranspiration (ETr) was estimated using the Penman–Monteith and Hargreaves–Samani models. Soil moisture sensors were installed at different depths, and multispectral drone flights were performed to assess canopy vigor. Results showed that high stoniness levels (p > 40%) reduced soil water retention capacity by up to 65%, increasing irrigation frequency. In the TMA site, the TMA20 and TMA30 exhibited greater wetting uniformity and the highest yields (32 t ha⁻¹). In drip irrigation, TG3 showed the best hydric and productive balance, with average yields of 7.5 t ha⁻¹ and no differences compared to TG4. multispectral analysis revealed a direct relationship between soil water content and crop vigor, highlighting TMA20 and TMA30 for their higher NDVI (37,5%) and SAVI values (37,5%) in both cases. It is concluded that stoniness should be incorporated into the calculation of soil water retention capacity and irrigation scheduling, as it optimizes water use, increase productivity, and reduces percolation losses.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego -- Administración, Cerezo -- Riego, Suelo -- Conservación de la humedad