Propuesta de un plan de riego en Escuela Agrícola Cato, Chillán
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Date
2011
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El presente proyecto tuvo como objetivo proponer un plan de riego en un predio de 96,9 hectáreas, perteneciente a la Escuela Agrícola Cato de la comuna de Chillán. Específicamente, se evaluó la disponibilidad de agua superficial y subterránea para riego a nivel predial. Se determinó los requerimientos hídricos para cada cultivo y las características físicas de los suelos presentes en cada potrero. Se estimó un caudal disponible con un 85% de seguridad hidrológica en la temporada de 47,7 L sˉ¹. De acuerdo a los requerimientos hídricos de los cultivos, para diciembre el caudal requerido es de 135,9 L sˉ¹, para enero es de 144,6 L sˉ¹ y para febrero es de 124,9 L sˉ¹. Se plantearon tres alternativas para maximizar el área bajo riego del predio. Con esta información y los análisis de los resultados obtenidos se propuso ampliar la superficie de riego por aspersión de 6 a 20 hectáreas convirtiendo el sistema fijo a móvil. El agua restante será utilizada en riego superficial, mejorando su eficiencia por medio de un sistema de aducción y control de baja presión (californiano). Se cuantificó económicamente los diseños y mejoras propuestos. Para el caso de la implementación del riego por aspersión es necesario invertir $25.775.846 equivalentes a $1.276.031 por hectárea, y para el caso de implementar las mejoras propuestas para el sistema de aducción para riego superficial, es necesario invertir $6.020.114 equivalentes a $252.945 por hectárea. Además, se propuso una estrategia de manejo en los cultivos, según la cual se consideró el establecimiento de nuevos cultivos en temporadas donde no exista una alta demanda de agua con el fin de aprovechar mejor el recurso hídrico del cual se dispone.
The objective of this project was to propose an irrigation plan in an area of 96,9 hectares, belonging to Escuela Agricola de Cato, Chillán. Availability of both surface water and groundwater for irrigation were assessed. Water requirements were determined for each crop, as well as soil physical characteristics present in each farmisfield according to the water requirement for each crop in the farm. Average flow available was estimated in 47,7 L sˉ¹. for december the required flow is 135,9 L sˉ¹ for december, while 144,6 L sˉ¹ is required for january and 124,9 L sˉ¹ for february. Three alternatives were proposed to maximize the area of land under irrigation. Based on this information and the analysis of results, it was proposed an increase in the sprinkling area, from 6 to 20 hectares, changing from a fixed to a mobile system. The remaining water will be used in surface irrigation, improving efficiency through a California-type conduction system.Costs involved in the design and proposed improvements were estimated. The implementation of sprinkler irrigation requires an investment of $25.775.846 equivalent to $1.276.031 per hectare, while the implementation of the proposed improvements in the conduction system requires an investment of $6.020.114, equivalent to $252.945 per hectare. In order to make better use of water resources available, a crop management strategy was proposed considering the establishment of new crops in seasons where there is a high demand for water.
The objective of this project was to propose an irrigation plan in an area of 96,9 hectares, belonging to Escuela Agricola de Cato, Chillán. Availability of both surface water and groundwater for irrigation were assessed. Water requirements were determined for each crop, as well as soil physical characteristics present in each farmisfield according to the water requirement for each crop in the farm. Average flow available was estimated in 47,7 L sˉ¹. for december the required flow is 135,9 L sˉ¹ for december, while 144,6 L sˉ¹ is required for january and 124,9 L sˉ¹ for february. Three alternatives were proposed to maximize the area of land under irrigation. Based on this information and the analysis of results, it was proposed an increase in the sprinkling area, from 6 to 20 hectares, changing from a fixed to a mobile system. The remaining water will be used in surface irrigation, improving efficiency through a California-type conduction system.Costs involved in the design and proposed improvements were estimated. The implementation of sprinkler irrigation requires an investment of $25.775.846 equivalent to $1.276.031 per hectare, while the implementation of the proposed improvements in the conduction system requires an investment of $6.020.114, equivalent to $252.945 per hectare. In order to make better use of water resources available, a crop management strategy was proposed considering the establishment of new crops in seasons where there is a high demand for water.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego - Planificación, Riego superficial, Riego por aspersión, Recursos hídricos