Análisis comparativo del riego por goteo superficial y subterráneo
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Date
2023
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar comparativamente el sistema de riego por goteo superficial y subterráneo. Para lograr este objetivo, la metodología utilizada consistió en una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos, tesis, libros, entre otros. En base a la información recopilada se determinó que, establecer la forma del frente de humedad aumenta la eficiencia y uniformidad de aplicación del agua. En riego por goteo superficial el frente de humedad adopta una forma elipsoidal truncada, mientras que en riego por goteo subterráneo es esférica. Con respecto a la eficiencia en el uso del agua, tiende a ser mayor en riego por goteo subterráneo, ya que las pérdidas por evaporación se ven reducidas al aplicarse el agua directamente en la zona de las raíces. La implementación en riego por goteo superficial y subterráneo tiene como principales diferencias que, en riego por goteo subterráneo, los laterales van enterrados, se implementan colectores de descarga para el lavado de las tuberías y los emisores poseen tecnología antiraíz y antisucción. Con respecto al manejo, las principales diferencias son la cantidad de agua a aplicar y la inspección del funcionamiento de los emisores. A partir de esta información se concluyó que el riego por goteo subterráneo posee ventajas principalmente asociadas a la eficiencia en el uso del agua, a pesar de tener un mayor costo inicial de inversión, a largo plazo los beneficios podrían justificarla, considerando la alta eficiencia que posee para regar los cultivos agrícolas y paisajes si el sistema de riego se maneja de forma adecuada. Sin embargo, el superficial presenta ventajas en la facilidad de operación y control de los emisores.
The objective of this work was to comparatively analyze the surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems. To achieve this objective, the methodology used consisted of a bibliographic review of scientific articles, theses, books, among others. Based on the information gathered, it was determined that establishing the shape of the moisture front increases the efficiency and uniformity of water application. In surface drip irrigation the moisture front adopts a truncated ellipsoidal shape, while in subsurface drip irrigation it is spherical. With respect to water use efficiency, it tends to be higher in subsurface drip irrigation, since evaporation losses are reduced by applying water directly to the root zone. The main differences between surface and subsurface drip irrigation are that, in subsurface drip irrigation, the laterals are buried, discharge manifolds are used to wash the pipes, and the emitters have anti-root and anti-suction technology. With respect to management, the main differences are the amount of water to be applied and the inspection of the operation of the emitters. From this information, it was concluded that subsurface drip irrigation has mostly in water use efficiency advantages, despite having a higher initial nvestment cost, in the long term the benefits could justify it, considering the high efficiency it has to irrigate agricultural crops and landscapes if the irrigation system is properly managed. However, the surface presents advantages in the ease of operation and control of the emitters.
The objective of this work was to comparatively analyze the surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems. To achieve this objective, the methodology used consisted of a bibliographic review of scientific articles, theses, books, among others. Based on the information gathered, it was determined that establishing the shape of the moisture front increases the efficiency and uniformity of water application. In surface drip irrigation the moisture front adopts a truncated ellipsoidal shape, while in subsurface drip irrigation it is spherical. With respect to water use efficiency, it tends to be higher in subsurface drip irrigation, since evaporation losses are reduced by applying water directly to the root zone. The main differences between surface and subsurface drip irrigation are that, in subsurface drip irrigation, the laterals are buried, discharge manifolds are used to wash the pipes, and the emitters have anti-root and anti-suction technology. With respect to management, the main differences are the amount of water to be applied and the inspection of the operation of the emitters. From this information, it was concluded that subsurface drip irrigation has mostly in water use efficiency advantages, despite having a higher initial nvestment cost, in the long term the benefits could justify it, considering the high efficiency it has to irrigate agricultural crops and landscapes if the irrigation system is properly managed. However, the surface presents advantages in the ease of operation and control of the emitters.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniera Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego superficial, Riego por goteo, Frutales