Entre el trabajo productivo y reproductivo: Experiencias femeninas industriales en Tomé y Lota, desde 1960.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo comprender, desde una perspectiva sociohistórica y un enfoque cualitativo, la relación y tensión entre el ámbito productivo y reproductivo experimentada por mujeres trabajadoras en los contextos industriales de Tomé y Lota, en la Región del Biobío desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX. A partir del análisis en profundidad de siete historias de vida y una serie de archivos documentales, se reconstruyen las trayectorias personales, familiares y laborales, y se examinó cómo experimentaron, gestionaron y significaron el trabajo remunerado, las labores de cuidado y tareas domésticas.
Dicha aproximación también se realiza desde una episteme feminista y situada, que centra la mirada en las voces de las protagonistas sin perder de vista los factores estructurales y simbólicos que influyeron en sus decisiones y biografías, como el modelo de socialización femenina promovida por el ordenamiento industrial y el modelo de bienestar paternalista que, a través de dispositivos formales e informales, regularon tanto los tiempos cotidianos como el ingreso y la participación laboral de las mujeres.
Los resultados permiten afirmar que el trabajo productivo no sustituyó al trabajo reproductivo, sino que se superpuso a él, configurando una experiencia simultánea y persistente de mandatos y agencias cruzadas. Frente a esta tensión estructural, las mujeres desarrollaron diversas prácticas y estrategias de conciliación, negociación, resistencia y también autonomía que, por un lado, aseguraron la reproducción de sus hogares y, por otro, posibilitaron la continuidad de la fuerza de trabajo.
La investigación se enmarca en el proyecto Fondecyt Regular N° 1200806 “Industrias y mujeres en el sur de Chile. Inclusión laboral y reproducción social (1940-1982)” y busca contribuir a la comprensión de los vínculos entre género, trabajo y memoria con una perspectiva territorial. Del mismo modo, visibiliza el aporte histórico de las mujeres tanto a los procesos industriales como al sostenimiento de la vida en un contexto atravesado por la expansión industrial y posterior reconversión productiva, así como por la instalación del neoliberalismo como eje rector de la sociedad.
This research aims to understand, from a socio-historical perspective and a qualitative approach, the relationship and tension between the productive and reproductive spheres as experienced by women workers in the industrial contexts of Tomé and Lota, in the Biobío Region, since the second half of the twentieth century. Based on an in-depth analysis of seven life stories and a series of documentary archives, it reconstructs personal, family, and work trajectories, and examines how women experienced, managed, and ascribed meaning to paid labor, caregiving, and domestic tasks. This approach is also grounded in a feminist and situated epistemology, which places emphasis on the voices of the protagonists while remaining attentive to the structural and symbolic factors that shaped their decisions and life courses, such as the model of female socialization promoted by the industrial order and the paternalistic welfare system that, through both formal and informal mechanisms, regulated daily time, income, and women’s labor participation. The findings show that productive work did not replace reproductive work but rather overlapped with it, giving rise to a simultaneous and persistent experience of intersecting mandates and agencies. In response to this structural tension, women developed diverse practices and strategies of reconciliation, negotiation, resistance, and autonomy that, on the one hand, ensured the reproduction of their households and, on the other, enabled the continuity of the labor force. This research is part of the Fondecyt Regular Project N° 1200806 “Industrias y mujeres en el sur de Chile. Inclusión laboral y reproducción social (1940-1982)” and seeks to contribute to the understanding of the links between gender, work, and memory from a territorial perspective. Likewise, it makes visible the historical contribution of women both to industrial processes and to the sustaining of life, in a context marked by the expansion and subsequent reconversion of industry, as well as by the installation of neoliberalism as the guiding axis of the social model.
This research aims to understand, from a socio-historical perspective and a qualitative approach, the relationship and tension between the productive and reproductive spheres as experienced by women workers in the industrial contexts of Tomé and Lota, in the Biobío Region, since the second half of the twentieth century. Based on an in-depth analysis of seven life stories and a series of documentary archives, it reconstructs personal, family, and work trajectories, and examines how women experienced, managed, and ascribed meaning to paid labor, caregiving, and domestic tasks. This approach is also grounded in a feminist and situated epistemology, which places emphasis on the voices of the protagonists while remaining attentive to the structural and symbolic factors that shaped their decisions and life courses, such as the model of female socialization promoted by the industrial order and the paternalistic welfare system that, through both formal and informal mechanisms, regulated daily time, income, and women’s labor participation. The findings show that productive work did not replace reproductive work but rather overlapped with it, giving rise to a simultaneous and persistent experience of intersecting mandates and agencies. In response to this structural tension, women developed diverse practices and strategies of reconciliation, negotiation, resistance, and autonomy that, on the one hand, ensured the reproduction of their households and, on the other, enabled the continuity of the labor force. This research is part of the Fondecyt Regular Project N° 1200806 “Industrias y mujeres en el sur de Chile. Inclusión laboral y reproducción social (1940-1982)” and seeks to contribute to the understanding of the links between gender, work, and memory from a territorial perspective. Likewise, it makes visible the historical contribution of women both to industrial processes and to the sustaining of life, in a context marked by the expansion and subsequent reconversion of industry, as well as by the installation of neoliberalism as the guiding axis of the social model.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Investigación Social y Desarrollo.
Keywords
Mujeres Condiciones sociales, Trabajadoras, Feminismo