Variables sociodemográficas, de salud mental, soledad y clínicas predictoras de fragilidad física en personas de población general entre 60 y 80 años que residen en el Gran Santiago y la Provincia de Concepción.
Loading...
Date
2026
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El envejecimiento ha incrementado la relevancia de la fragilidad física como tema de interés en salud pública y en la práctica clínica. En Chile, pocos estudios longitudinales han estudiado predictores de fragilidad desde un enfoque integral. Objetivo: Identificar predictores de fragilidad física en personas mayores, considerando variables sociodemográficas, de salud mental, soledad y clínicas, en un seguimiento de 12 meses. Método: Diseño cuantitativo, longitudinal, de cohorte, sobre una muestra aleatoria, estratificada y por conglomerados de personas entre 60 y 80 años del Gran Santiago y de la provincia de Concepción. La variable resultado, fragilidad física, fue evaluada a través de la escala FRIED, con datos recogidos en 2021 (línea base) y 2022 (seguimiento) (FONDECYT 1201158). Se realizaron análisis de regresión y dominancia utilizando el programa estadístico R. Resultados: El análisis incluyó personas robustas/prefrágiles en línea base que transitaron hacia la fragilidad. El modelo multivariable no fue estadísticamente significativo para predecir fragilidad física al año (p = ,199). En modelos univariados, la pre-fragilidad predijo la fragilidad al año, con un riesgo seis veces mayor (OR = 6,09, IC 95%: [0,54, 3,07], p = ,008) en comparación con las personas robustas al seguimiento. También resultaron estadísticamente significativos para predecir fragilidad al año, la edad (p = ,004), la escolaridad (p = ,043), síntomas ansiosos (p = ,017) y funcionamiento cognitivo (p = ,046). El análisis de dominancia reveló que las variables clínicas (pseudo R² = ,102) y sociodemográficas (pseudo R²= ,096) fueron las que aportaron mayor poder explicativo al modelo para predecir fragilidad física al seguimiento, seguidas por las de salud mental (pseudo R² = ,029). Conclusiones: Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de identificar precozmente variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de salud mental predictoras de fragilidad física.
Aging has increased the relevance of physical frailty as a topic of interest in public health and clinical practice. In Chile, few longitudinal studies have examined frailty predictors from a comprehensive perspective. Objective: To identify predictors of physical frailty in older adults, considering sociodemographic, mental health, loneliness, and clinical variables over a 12-month follow-up. Method: A quantitative, longitudinal cohort design was conducted on a random, stratified, cluster sample of adults aged 60–80 years from Greater Santiago and Concepción. Physical frailty was assessed with the FRIED scale using data collected in 2021 (baseline) and 2022 (follow-up) (FONDECYT 1201158). Regression and dominance analyses were performed with R software. Results: The analysis included robust and pre-frail individuals at baseline who transitioned to frailty during follow-up. The multivariable model was not statistically significant in predicting physical frailty at one year (p = .199). In univariable models, prefrailty significantly predicted frailty at one year (p = .008), with a sixfold higher risk (OR = 6.09, IC 95%: [0,54, 3,07], p = .008) compared with robust individuals at follow-up. Age (p = .004), educational level (p = .043), anxiety symptoms (p = .017), and cognitive functioning (p = .046) were also statistically significant predictors of frailty at one year. Dominance analysis showed that clinical variables (pseudo R² = .102) and sociodemographic variables (pseudo R² = .096) contributed the greatest explanatory power to the model predicting physical frailty at follow-up, followed by mental health variables (pseudo R² = .029). Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of early identification of sociodemographic, clinical, and mental health variables that predict physical frailty.
Aging has increased the relevance of physical frailty as a topic of interest in public health and clinical practice. In Chile, few longitudinal studies have examined frailty predictors from a comprehensive perspective. Objective: To identify predictors of physical frailty in older adults, considering sociodemographic, mental health, loneliness, and clinical variables over a 12-month follow-up. Method: A quantitative, longitudinal cohort design was conducted on a random, stratified, cluster sample of adults aged 60–80 years from Greater Santiago and Concepción. Physical frailty was assessed with the FRIED scale using data collected in 2021 (baseline) and 2022 (follow-up) (FONDECYT 1201158). Regression and dominance analyses were performed with R software. Results: The analysis included robust and pre-frail individuals at baseline who transitioned to frailty during follow-up. The multivariable model was not statistically significant in predicting physical frailty at one year (p = .199). In univariable models, prefrailty significantly predicted frailty at one year (p = .008), with a sixfold higher risk (OR = 6.09, IC 95%: [0,54, 3,07], p = .008) compared with robust individuals at follow-up. Age (p = .004), educational level (p = .043), anxiety symptoms (p = .017), and cognitive functioning (p = .046) were also statistically significant predictors of frailty at one year. Dominance analysis showed that clinical variables (pseudo R² = .102) and sociodemographic variables (pseudo R² = .096) contributed the greatest explanatory power to the model predicting physical frailty at follow-up, followed by mental health variables (pseudo R² = .029). Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of early identification of sociodemographic, clinical, and mental health variables that predict physical frailty.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctor/a en Psicología.
Keywords
Salud mental, Ancianos, Fragilidad, Factores de riesgo